The Neotropical genus Scinax Wagler currently comprises 127 species of small treefrogs distributed from southern Mexico to Argentina and Uruguay, including some islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, and St. Lucia (Frost 2020). Two major clades are recognized within Scinax, the S. catharinae and the S. ruber clades. The former is composed of two species groups, the S. catharinae and the S. perpusillus groups (Faivovich 2002; Faivovich et al. 2005). The S. perpusillus species group currently comprises 13 species S. alcatraz (Lutz); S. arduous Peixoto; S. atratus (Peixoto); S. belloni Faivovich, Gasparini Haddad; S. cosenzai Lacerda, Peixoto Feio; S. faivovichi Brasileiro, Oyamaguchi Haddad; S. insperatus Silva Alves-Silva; S. littoreus (Peixoto); S. melloi (Peixoto), S. peixotoi Brasileiro, Haddad, Sawaya Martins; S. perpusillus (Lutz Lutz); S. tupinamba Silva Alves-Silva; and S. v-signatus (Lutz). These species are endemic of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and are recognized by their intimate association with bromeliads (Fig. 1), in which adults breed and lay their eggs, and tadpoles develop (Peixoto 1987, 1995; Alves-Silva Silva 2009).We present observations from a small collection of longhorns belonging to the subfamily Prioninae and collected during an expedition in the rainy season to a newly designated protected area, Mahimborondro, in North-East Madagascar. The material includes a new species (S. mahimborondroensis sp. nov.) of Closterini (Prioninae) from a small genus with only two described species (Schizodontus angustus Quentin Villiers, 1974 and S. latus Quentin Villiers, 1974). An identification key to the three species is included.Species of the leafhopper genus Protensus Zhang Dai, 2001 (Deltocephalinae Athysanini) from Japan and China are reviewed, and a new species Protensus lii sp. nov. is described and illustrated from China. Protensus nigrifrons Li Xing, 2011 is treated as incertae sedis in the tribe Mukariini (Deltocephalinae). A checklist and key to species of Protensus is provided.A new species of the stonefly genus Neoperla, N. bimaculata sp.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lificiguat-yc-1.html  nov. is described from Motuo County of Tibet of southwest China. The new species compared with related congeners. Based on strongly pigmented specimens, we redescribe the male adult of Neoperla perspicillata Zwick, 1980.A new species of jawfish, Opistognathus ocellicaudatus, is described based on a single specimen collected at 67 m depth in Sagami Bay (near the mouth of Tokyo Bay), Honshu Island, Japan. The new species can be separated from all other Indo-West Pacific jawfish species in having 3 longitudinal dark brown stripes on the body, a large dark whitish-rimmed ocellus on the caudal fin, a small black blotch on the opercular flap, the dorsal fin with 11 spines and 11 soft rays, the anal fin with 2 spines and 11 soft rays, 21 pectoral-fin soft rays, 26 vertebrae, 42 oblique scale rows, and 2 supraneurals. The holotype is a female containing mature eggs, suggesting summer spawning. The type locality was close to the northern distributional limit of Opistognathidae in the Indo-West Pacific. [http//zoobank.org/urnlsidzoobank.orgact00DCADDA-BE92-4C33-B7EB-1DA8348BA02A].The New Zealand endemic gecko genus, Mokopirirakau, is notable for its ecology, with some species inhabiting extreme alpine environments, as well as for the large number of geographically circumscribed, species-level lineages awaiting formal description. In, 2018, a population superficially similar in colour and morphology to the black-eyed gecko (M. kahutarae) was discovered in alpine greywacke rock outcrops in the Oteake Conservation Park, North Otago, ~400 km south of the nearest M. kahutarae populations in the upper South Island. Genetic and morphological data indicate that this population is distinct, sister to a clade comprising M. granulatus and M. kahutarae. It can be distinguished from all but one Mokopirirakau species by colour pattern, and from M. kahutarae by smaller adult body size, eye and supraciliary characters, mouth and throat colour, ventral scale row count, tail length, toe shape, and lamellar count. Using an integrated taxonomic approach, we here formally describe this form as a new species, M. galaxias sp. nov., as well as discuss its ecology, likely distribution (particularly with respect to M. kahutarae), and potential conservation issues and requirements. Mokopirirakau galaxias sp. nov. should be considered "Threatened-Nationally Endangered" (qualifiers Data Poor) in the New Zealand Threat Classification System due to the low abundance and restricted known distribution, with potential threats from invasive predatory mammals and climate change. It should be considered Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List system.Oxynoemacheilus sarus, new species, is described from the lower Ceyhan and Seyhan drainages in southern Anatolia. It is distinguished from other Oxynoemacheilus species in Cilicia (including the Göksu, Seyhan and Ceyhan drainages) by possession of a series of irregularly shaped midlateral blotches, 3-5 dark-brown bands on the caudal fin, a complete lateral line, a forked caudal fin (shortest middle caudal-fin ray is 56-70% of longest ray of the upper caudal-fin lobe), the caudal peduncle depth 1.4-1.8 times in its length, and a suborbital groove in male individuals. The new species occurs in sympatry with superficially similar O. seyhanicola and O. evreni, and is distinguished by colour pattern as well as morphometric and molecular characters. Molecular data suggest that the closest relatives to the new species in our dataset are O. euphraticus and O. shehabi, which is characterised by a minimum K2P distance of 3.6% and 3.8%, respectively, in the COI mtDNA barcode region.Japanese species of the genus Diplazon Nees, 1819 are reviewed. Nine species are identified from Japan and one of them, D. pallicoxa Manukyan, 1987 is newly recorded. The distribution records of D. orientalis (Cameron, 1905) and D. tibiatorius (Thunberg 1822) are removed from the Japanese fauna. A key to Japanese species of this genus is provided.In the present study, we used integrative taxonomy to describe a population of Diploechiniscus oihonnae (Richters, 1903) from the neotype locality in Merok (Norway). We found no differences in the chaetotaxy formula between the life stages and sex of Dpl. oihonnae. The presence of filaments at Bd in some specimens of Dpl. oihonnae appears to be random and most likely represents the morphological variability of this species. We also obtained DNA sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2, and COI of Dpl. oihonnae from the neotype locality for comparison with the sequences available in GenBank, which showed low genetic differences between the neotypic population and specimens from other localities. Therefore, we decided to establish our specimens from Merok as neotype and neoparatypes of Dpl. oihonnae. Additionally, based on morphological characters, Dpl. horningi (Schuster Grigarick, 1971) was synonymised with Dpl. oihonnae.