https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gant61.html We found that cpnA- cells bound higher amounts of Annexin V, a PS binding protein, than parental cells and showed that unlabeled Annexin V reduced the increased cell adhesion property of cpnA- cells. We also found that cpnA- cells were more sensitive to Polybia-MP1, which binds to external PS and induces cell lysis. Overall, this suggests that cpnA- cells have increased PS exposure and this property contributes to the increased cell adhesion of cpnA- cells. We conclude that CpnA has a role in the regulation of plasma membrane lipid composition and may act as a negative regulator of PS exposure. Rabies is a fatal yet vaccine-preventable disease. In the last two decades, domestic dog populations have been shown to constitute the predominant reservoir of rabies in developing countries, causing 99% of human rabies cases. Despite substantial control efforts, dog rabies is still widely endemic and is spreading across previously rabies-free areas. Developing a detailed understanding of dog rabies dynamics and the impact of vaccination is essential to optimize existing control strategies and developing new ones. In this scoping review, we aimed at disentangling the respective contributions of mathematical models and phylodynamic approaches to advancing the understanding of rabies dynamics and control in domestic dog populations. We also addressed the methodological limitations of both approaches and the remaining issues related to studying rabies spread and how this could be applied to rabies control. We reviewed how mathematical modelling of disease dynamics and phylodynamics have been developed and usept that aims to achieve better public health outcomes through cross-sector collaboration. Despite advances in rabies knowledge, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the mechanisms of local spread, the role of wildlife in dog rabies maintenance, and the impact of community behavior on the efficacy of control strategies inc