Exercise capacity testing and assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) showed functional improvements following both early and late MEx interventions. In conclusion, delivery of MEx following prolonged HYRX-exposure improves core features of experimental BPD, restoring lung architecture, decreasing pulmonary fibrosis and vascular muscularization, ameliorating PH and improving exercise capacity.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sw-100.html  Taken together, delivery of MEx may not only be effective in the immediate neonatal period to prevent the development of BPD but may provide beneficial effects for the management and potentially the reversal of cardiorespiratory complications in infants and children with established BPD.The prevalence of arterial stiffness and hypertension increases with age. This study investigates the effect of induced pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on ageing-associated arterial stiffness and hypertension. EVs were collected and purified from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs). Young and old male C57BL/6 mice were used. Mice in the EVs group were injected via tail vein once a week for four weeks (18 x 106 EVs/mouse/injection). Blood pressure (BP) was measured using the tail-cuff method and validated by direct cannulation. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured using a Doppler workstation. PWV and BP were increased significantly in the old mice, indicating arterial stiffness and hypertension. Intravenous administration of EVs significantly attenuated ageing-related arterial stiffness and hypertension, while enhancing endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and arterial compliance in the old EVs mice. Elastin degradation and collae Joint National Committee; CVD cardiovascular disease; PWV pulse wave velocity; BP blood pressure; SNP sodium nitroprusside.
 EV Extracellular vesicles; iPS induced pluripotent stem cell; MSC mesenchymal stem cell; AMPKα AMP activated protein kinase α; eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase; Sirt1 sirtuin 1; JNC7 Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee; CVD cardiovascular disease; PWV pulse wave velocity; BP blood pressure; SNP sodium nitroprusside.Articular cartilage has limited self-regenerative capacity and the therapeutic methods for cartilage defects are still dissatisfactory in clinic. Recent studies showed that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells promoted chondrogenesis by delivering bioactive substances to the recipient cells, indicating exosomes might be a novel method for repairing cartilage defect. Herein, we investigated the role and mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived small extracellular vesicles (hUC-MSCs-sEVs) on cartilage regeneration. In vitro results showed that hUC-MSCs-sEVs promoted the migration, proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). MiRNA microarray showed that miR-23a-3p was the most highly expressed among the various miRNAs contained in hUC-MSCs-sEVs. Our data revealed that hUC-MSCs-sEVs promoted cartilage regeneration by transferring miR-23a-3p to suppress the level of PTEN and elevate expression of AKT. Moreover, we fabricated Gelatin methacrylate (Gelma)/nanoclay hydrogel (Gel-nano) for sustained release of sEVs, which was biocompatible and exhibited excellent mechanical property. In vivo results showed that hUC-MSCs-sEVs containing Gelma/nanoclay hydrogel (Gel-nano-sEVs) effectively promoted cartilage regeneration. These results indicated that Gel-nano-sEVs have a promising capacity to stimulate chondrogenesis and heal cartilage defects, and also provided valuable data for understanding the role and mechanism of hUC-MSCs-sEVs in cartilage regeneration.T-cell receptor stimulation induces the convergence of multivesicular bodies towards the microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) and the polarization of the MTOC to the immune synapse (IS). These events lead to exosome secretion at the IS. We describe here that upon IS formation centrosomal area F-actin decreased concomitantly with MTOC polarization to the IS. PKCδ-interfered T cell clones showed a sustained level of centrosomal area F-actin associated with defective MTOC polarization. We analysed the contribution of two actin cytoskeleton-regulatory proteins, FMNL1 and paxillin, to the regulation of cortical and centrosomal F-actin networks. FMNL1 β phosphorylation and F-actin reorganization at the IS were inhibited in PKCδ-interfered clones. F-actin depletion at the central region of the IS, a requirement for MTOC polarization, was associated with FMNL1 β phosphorylation at its C-terminal, autoregulatory region. Interfering all FMNL1 isoforms prevented MTOC polarization; nonetheless, FMNL1 β re-expression restapse; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; MIP, maximal intensity projection; MVB, multivesicular bodies; MTOC, microtubule-organizing centre; NS, not significant; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes; PKC, protein kinase C; PKCδ, protein kinase C δ isoform; PLC, phospholipase C; PMA, phorbol myristate acetate; Pol. Index, polarization index; pSMAC, peripheral supramolecular activation cluster; PSF, point spread function; ROI, region of interest; SD, standard deviation; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; SEE, Staphylococcus enterotoxin E; SMAC, supramolecular activation cluster; TCR, T-cell receptor for antigen; T-helper (Th); TRANS, transmittance; WB, Western blot.The COVID-19 pandemic is growing and spread in the Swedish elderly care system during April 2020. The increasing number of employees on sick-leave due to COVID-19 created severe logistic problems. Some elderly care homes therefore started to screen their personnel to secure the safety of the elderly and to avoid unnecessary quarantine of potentially immune employees. Secondary data from a screening with a COVID-19 rapid test for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG of 1,005 employees in 22 elderly care homes in Stockholm, Sweden, were analyzed. Seropositive employees were found in 21 out of the 22 care homes. In total, 23% (231/1,005) of the employees tested positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and 14.3% (144/1,005) were found positive for IgM (either alone or combined with IgG), indicating recent or present infection. Of those that tested seropositive, 46.5% did not report any clinical symptoms, indicating pre- or asymptomatic infections. Reported symptoms with the highest correlation with seropositivity were fever and loss of smell and taste.