https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cc-90011.html The present study aims to study the incidence and risk factors for developing hyponatremia and associated perioperative outcomes in adult patients admitted for malignant brain tumor resection. The 2012-2015 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried for all patients undergoing surgical resection of malignant brain tumors. These patients were then grouped by the presence of concurrent diagnosis of hyponatremia, and compared with respect to various clinical features, perioperative and postoperative complications, all-cause mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was utilized to control for appropriate baseline confounders and the influence of other endpoint variables. The search criteria identified 12,480 adult patients admitted for malignant brain tumor resection, of whom 1162 (9.3%) developed hyponatremia in the perioperative period. Patients with obstructive hydrocephalus (risk ratio [RR]= 1.23, P < 0.001), diabetes (RR= 1.14, P=0.014), hypreased morbidity following malignant brain tumor resection. As previous studies reported, the balloon guide catheter is useful for identifying the fistula point during diagnosis of direct carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (d-CCF). We demonstrate an additional advantage of the balloon guide catheter during intraarterial endovascular treatment of d-CCF. Two cases of d-CCF are presented in this report. A balloon guide catheter is used to help achieve successful coil embolization of the fistula in both cases. Microcatheter positioning into the fistulous point can be easier after balloon inflation. Balloon inflation can help with coil deployment. Using a balloon guiding catheter can reduce internal carotid artery flow near the fistula point at the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. As a result, better identification of the fistula point can be made, which allows easier placement of the microcatheter into the fist