58, 95% CI 1.08 - 2.31), macrosomia (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.10 - 2.64), and LGA (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.96). The association between gestational HbA1c and preterm birth was more evident among women with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≤ 24 kg/m². CONCLUSIONS Gestational higher HbA1c level within the normal range is an independent risk factor for preterm birth, macrosomia, and LGA. Intervention for reducing HbAc1 may help to prevent adverse birth outcomes. © Endocrine Society 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND AND AIM In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, antibody-to-infliximab (ATI) generation is responsible for loss of response (LOR) and infusion reaction (IR) to infliximab. An immuno-therapeutic approach is considered an option to overcome LOR. Granulocyte/monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) using an Adacolumn has been shown to have clinical efficacy together with immunomodulatory effects in IBD patients. METHODS We developed an ATI-CAI assay utilizing a C1q immobilized plate and applied it to measure ATI in patients who were receiving infliximab, including 56 with sustained response, 76 with LOR, and 6 with IR. Furthermore, 14 patients with LOR and 2 with paradoxical skin reactions who received infliximab+GMA combination therapy were analyzed. RESULTS Fourteen patients with LOR, 7 with Crohn's disease, and 7 with ulcerative colitis showed significantly improved clinical indices (P=0.0009), and decreased ATI (P=0.0171) and interleukin-6 (P=0.0537) levels at week 8 following initiation of infliximab+GMA therapy. Nine patients who received combination therapy achieved remission, which was maintained to week 24 with infliximab alone. Additionally, cutaneous lesions in 2 patients with IR were improved. ATI-CAI assay efficiency was not influenced by infliximab concentration during the test. Pre- and post-infliximab infusion ATI levels were not different. Patients with ATI greater than the 0.153 μg/mL cut-off value were likely to experience LOR (odds ratio 3.0). CONCLUSIONS Patients who received infliximab+GMA therapy appeared to regain clinical response to infliximab by a decrease in ATI level. Furthermore, the concentration of infliximab in the test did not influence ATI measurement, though was associated with clinical response. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.The objective was to evaluate the effects of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and dietary soy isoflavone supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of commercial pigs. Barrows (21 d of age) were randomly allotted to experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the study non-infected pigs received an isoflavone-devoid control diet (CON, n = 22), and infected pigs received either the control diet (PRRSV-CON, n = 20) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,500 mg/kg (PRRSV-ISF, n = 25). Pigs were penned by treatment, with 6 pigs within a pen. Following a 7-day adaptation, weanling pigs were inoculated once intranasally with either a sham-control (PBS) or live PRRSV (1×105 TCID50/mL, strain NADC20). Pigs were maintained on experimental diets for 166 d after inoculation and then slaughtered (192 or 194 d of age; approximately 120 kg BW). At 1 d post-mortem, left sides were separated between the 10th and 11th rib for determination of loin eye ard loin and belly quality. Supplementation with dietary soy isoflavones did nothing to mitigate the detrimental effects of PRRSV infection. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including brainstem DIPG, are incurable pediatric high grade gliomas (pHGG). Mutations in the H3 histone tail (H3.1/3.3-K27M) are a feature of DIPG, rendering them therapeutically sensitive to small-molecule inhibition of chromatin modifiers. Pharmacological inhibition of lysine specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) is clinically relevant but has not been carefully investigated in pHGG or DIPG. METHODS Patient-derived DIPG cell lines, orthotopic mouse models, and pHGG datasets were used to evaluate effects of LSD1 inhibitors on cytotoxicity and immune gene expression. Immune cell cytotoxicity was assessed in DIPG cells pre-treated with LSD1 inhibitors and informatics platforms were used to determine immune infiltration of pHGG. RESULTS Selective cytotoxicity and an immunogenic gene signature was established in DIPG cell lines using clinically-relevant LSD1 inhibitors. Pediatric HGG patient sequencing data demonstrated survival benefit of this LSD1-dependent gene signature. Pre-treatment of DIPG with these inhibitors increased lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. Catalytic LSD1 inhibitors induced tumor regression and augmented NK cell infusion in vivo to reduce tumor burden. CIBERSORT analysis of patient data confirmed NK infiltration is beneficial to patient survival while CD8 T-cells are negatively prognostic. Catalytic LSD1 inhibitors are non-perturbing to NK cells while scaffolding LSD1 inhibitors are toxic to NK cells and do not induce the gene signature in DIPG cells. CONCLUSIONS LSD1 inhibition using catalytic inhibitors is both selectively cytotoxic and promotes an immune gene signature that increases NK cell killing in vitro and in vivo, representing a therapeutic opportunity for pHGG. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Soil inhabiting true branching heterocytous cyanobacterium strain SNS 3 with T- type branching was collected from the campus of Banaras Hindu University, India and characterized using the polyphasic approach. Morphological observations showed the presence of akinetes (in chain), hormogonia and monocytes. Physiological characterization of strain SNS 3 showed high content of carotenoid in comparison to chlorophyll content along with also exhibiting a higher C/N ratio in the nitrogen deficient BG110 medium. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and subsequent phylogeny indicated strong clustering of the strain SNS 3 within the Westiellopsis clade. Folded secondary structures of the ITS region showed visible differences in the D1-D1՚ and BoxB helix of the strain SNS 3. The polyphasic approach indicated the strain SNS 3 as a new member of the genus Westiellopsis with the name proposed being Westiellopsis akinetica on the basis of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nt157.html  Intense phylogenetic evaluation of the entire true branched heterocytous clade indicated the need for more revisionary attempts for demarcating the sensu stricto clades along with highlighting the scope for further taxonomic revisions in the future.