Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of women at national trauma meetings. Methods Available scientific programs for the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (2013-19), Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (2010-19), and Western Trauma Association (2010-19) as well as the Scudder Oration at the American College of Surgeons (1963-2019), were reviewed for names of participants and categorized by gender. Results Women made up 963 of 2746 (35.1%) of presenters, 252 of 1020 (24.7%) of discussants, 116 of 622 (18.6%) of moderators of scientific sessions, 189 of 707 (26.7%) of panelists, and 69 of 254 (27.2%) of panel moderators. Only 12 of 126 (9.5%) of named lectures or presidential addresses were given by women. Conclusions The low rate of female named speakers suggests that there remains a "glass ceiling" when it comes to upper-level participation in national trauma meetings.Background Relationships between surgical errors and adverse events have not been fully explored and were examined in this study. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study reviewed records of deceased surgical patients over 12 months. Bivariate associations between predictors and errors were examined. Results 84 deaths occurred following 5,209 operations. Errors in care (63%) compared to those without had significantly more adverse events, (98% vs 80% respectively, p = 0.004). Significant association occurred between error and emergency status, p = 0.016); length of stay >10 days, p = 0.011; adverse events, p = 0.005). Regression results indicated number of adverse events (OR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.08-1.49), p = 0.003) and length of stay (OR = 1.05, 95% CI (1.01-1.09), p = 0.008) were associated with surgical errors. Conclusions Examining postoperative adverse events in error cases identified opportunities for improvement. Reducing medical errors requires measuring medical errors.Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the difference between treatment costs in acute care settings and the level of funding public hospitals would receive under the activity-based funding model. Methods Patients aged ≥16 years who had sustained an incident traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) between June 2013 and June 2016 in New South Wales were included in the study. Patients were identified from record-linked health data. Costs were estimated using two approaches (1) using District Network Return (DNR) data; and (2) based on national weighted activity units (NWAU) assigned to activity-based funding activity. The funding gap in acute care treatment costs for TSCI patients was determined as the difference in cost estimates between the two approaches. Results Over the study period, 534 patients sustained an acute incident TSCI, accounting for 811 acute care hospital separations within index episodes. The total acute care treatment cost was estimated at A$40.5 million and A$29.9 million using the DNitals under the activity-based funding for resource-intensive care, such as patients with TSCI. Specifically, depending on the classification system, the principal referral hospitals, the SCIU colocated with an MTS and stand-alone SCIU were underfunded, whereas other non-specialist hospitals were overfunded for the acute care treatment of patients with TSCI. What are the implications for practitioners? Although health care financing mechanisms may vary internationally, the results of this study are applicable to other hospital payment systems based on diagnosis-related groups that describe patients of similar clinical characteristics and resource use. Such evidence is believed to be useful in understanding the adequacy of hospital payments and informing payment reform efforts. These findings may have service redesign policy implications and provide evidence for additional loadings for specialist hospitals treating low-volume, resource-intensive patients.Dementia is now a global health priority. With no known cure, the best way to reduce the number of people who will be living with dementia is by promoting dementia risk reduction (DRR). However, despite evidence-based guidelines, DRR is not yet routinely promoted in Australian general practice. Previously, we proposed a preliminary conceptual model for implementing DRR in primary care based on our scoping review of practitioners' views. The present study aimed to refine this model for the Australian context by incorporating the current perspectives of Australian general practitioners (GPs) and general practice nurses (GPNs) about DRR.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tas4464.html  Interviews with 17 GPs and GPNs were analysed using the framework method, underpinned by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We identified 12 barriers to promoting DRR in Australian general practice, along with five facilitators. Using the CFIR-Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) Matching Tool to select prioritised implementation strategies from the ERIC project, the findings were incorporated into a refined conceptual model. The refined model points to an implementation intervention that uses educational materials and meetings to reach consensus with GPs and GPNs on the importance of promoting DRR and an appropriate approach. Champion GPs and GPNs should be prepared to drive the agreed implementation forward, and general practices should share successes and lessons learned. This model is a crucial step in bridging the gap between DRR guidelines and routine practice.This qualitative study examined non-clinical factors that affect health, namely the cultural and spiritual beliefs of the patient. The study focuses on women from South Sudan. Although the overt religious adherence of these women is familiar to mainstream Australia (i.e. Christian), they are culturally diverse from the mainstream. The experiences of five women were documented. These women, all regarded as community leaders, were also asked about their assessment of the views of the wider community of women from South Sudan. This study informs targeted health promotion messages for a significant community in Australia. It is anticipated that the findings of this research, although not generalisable to the whole South Sudanese community or to all those with a refugee background, will provide important information to guide the development of culturally appropriate health care into the future. The findings point to the need for enhanced clinical education around communication, especially in relation to understanding the patients' explanatory models of health.