To analyse the effects of confinement among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers over the course of the COVID-19 crisis and to evaluate contemporary changes in medical assistance and patient preferences. An observational cross-sectional study designed as a self-reported web-based survey was conducted over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 769 subjects participated in the survey (603 people with T1D and 166 caregivers). Changes in glycaemic control were reported in 66% of cases, weight gain in 40.4% of cases and decreased exercise levels in 65.4% of cases. Of the cohort, 53% maintained contact with the healthcare team, and 23% received specific information related to COVID-19. Emotional support was requested by 17% of respondents. Regarding telemedicine, 97.9% agreed with its use with the following preferences regarding the future telephone call (84.5%), video-call (60.6%) and platform devices (39.7%). Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, at least two-thirds of people with T1D underwent changes in the management of their condition. Almost all participants agreed with the concept of telemedicine, favouring telephone and video calls as their preferred means of communication. Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, at least two-thirds of people with T1D underwent changes in the management of their condition. Almost all participants agreed with the concept of telemedicine, favouring telephone and video calls as their preferred means of communication.To successfully move through the world, the brain constructs spatial representations that situate the body within the environment. Communicating spatial directions poses specific challenges to this process, in part because the format through which the information is communicated must be interpreted to match the visual scene the navigator is viewing while traversing that space. For example, if a navigator needs to turn left to reach a goal, the information may be presented in the form of words ("turn left"), schemas (arrows pointing left), or images of the specific left turn. Previous research has suggested unique representations exist for spatial directions within and across modalities. Behavioral data reveal, for instance, that interpreting images seems to require spatial information, whereas words or schemas can be processed using a visual-matching strategy. In the current pre-registered study, we tested two patients with posterior cortical atrophy, who did not have spatial neglect, to determine whether they had general impairments interpreting spatial directions across formats, or specific impairments in particular formats. Our results are consistent with the specific impairment prediction, supporting the idea that interpreting spatial directions in images requires action-relevant spatial processing. We conducted single-case analyses for the patients we tested in comparison to a group of non-clinically diagnosed older adults. Of the two patients, one showed a classical dissociation between a color control task and spatial directions across all modalities. This patient also showed a classical dissociation between images (most impaired) and schemas, and between schemas and words (least impaired). Our findings lend support for a hypothesized hub in the spatial navigation network, which converts format-specific information into actionable spatial directions, and has implications for designing the built environment to optimize for spatial behavior. Fontan associated liver disease (FALD) is attributed to the limitations of the Fontan circulation, resulting in congestive hepatopathy. The technique and outcomes of transjugular liver biopsies (TJLB) in Fontan patients warrant definition as part of a rigorous FALD surveillance program. Four year review of patients with Fontan physiology who underwent a TJLB during surveillance catheterizations. Biopsy site, technique, histology, angiography, hemodynamics, and complications were reviewed to assess correlation of biopsy scores with simultaneously obtained catheterization hemodynamics. 125 patients with a TJLB from 10/1/14 to 5/1/18. Median age 17years (2-50.5). Technical success 100% (125/125), all samples diagnostic. 17% (21) accessed via the left internal jugular vein, secondary to right IJ occlusion or Heterotaxy syndrome. No patients had superior compartment obstruction preventing transjugular approach. 3.2% complication rate (4/125). Complications were early in the experience, including capsular perure and cardiac index. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events and the ongoing burden of disease can have a significant impact on the subsequent life-course of working age people. We report 12-month clinical outcomes for 10,822 patients hospitalized with first-time ACS between 2015-2016 and enrolled in the All New Zealand Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement (ANZACS-QI) registry, with a focus on people of working age (defined as <65 years). Nearly half (48%) of first-time ACS occurred in people of working age. Compared to those >65 years, these patients had a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors, and were more likely to be male (75% vs 60%), to be of non-European ethnicity (36% vs 15%), and to be living in areas of high deprivation. Subsequent clinical events were common in the younger patients, with 15% dying or being readmitted for cardiovascular causes within 12 months despite high rates of angiography (96%), revascularization (74%) and evidence-based medical therapy at the time of the index ACS event. The high risk factor burden and subsequent high rate of clinical events in working age patients reinforces the need for a longer-term focus on strategies to improve clinical outcomes following first-time ACS. The high risk factor burden and subsequent high rate of clinical events in working age patients reinforces the need for a longer-term focus on strategies to improve clinical outcomes following first-time ACS. Variations by hospital and region in the selection of an early invasive strategy (EIS) after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in patients with high-risk criteria are unknown. We evaluated the data of 7037 patients with NSTEMI from 20 hospitals of 3 regions from the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health database. We used hierarchical generalized linear mixed-models to estimate region- and hospital-level variation in the selection of an EIS after adjusting for patient-level high-risk criteria. We explored the variation using the median rate ratio (MRR), which estimates the relative difference in the risk ratios of two hypothetically identical patients at two different sites. An EIS was selected in 84.4% of patients. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Idarubicin.html At the hospital level, the median selection rate was 80.4%. At the region level, the median selection rate was 74.9% in the east region, 81.3% in the north region, and 83.9% in the west region, respectively. After adjusting for patient-level covariates, we found significant hospital- (MRR 2.