https://www.selleckchem.com/Proteasome.html The objectives of this research were to 1) understand perspectives on affordability of pharmaceutical drugs from the point of view of stakeholders as reported in published peer-reviewed journals and conferences; 2) evaluate if (and how) perspectives on affordability overlapped across stakeholders. The systematic literature review followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Content analysis with iterative and systematic coding of text was conducted, to identify themes. A total of 7,372 unique citations were eligible, and 126 articles included for final synthesis. For patients, 6 core themes emerged financial barriers, adherence, access, patient-provider communication, financial distress, and factors that impact affordability. For payers, 5 core themes financing schemes, cost-effectiveness, budget impact, private vs. public preferences, and ethics. For providers, 3 themes patient-provider communication, physician prescribing behavior, and finding alternatives to support patient access. For policymakers, 2 thurance coverage, reimbursement, and rationing occur without explicitly considering patient and provider perspectives. Research into oral health care for older people has shown that dental care in general decreases with increasing age and frailty and, therefore, oral health care provision may be complex. The aim of this study is to identify the oral health care dentists provide to community-dwelling older people and which barriers they experience in doing this. In this cross-sectional study, a representative sample of dentists in the Netherlands was asked to prospectively select one older patient and describe this patient using a specially developed registration form; the patient was requested to fill out a questionnaire. The relationship between experienced barriers in providing oral health care to older patients and characteristics of the dentists and the patients was studied by means univariate and multivariate logistic re