The one-pot synthesis of well-defined 5-(diarylimino) and 5-(sulfoximido)dibenzothiophenium triflates, respectively from diarylimines or sulfoximines, is reported and the structures of a series of these compounds are elucidated by X-ray crystallography. In analogy to their hypervalent I(iii) analogues, the iminoyl and sulfoximidoyl groups of these compounds can be selectively transferred to organic substrates. Specifically, the uncatalyzed imination of thiols or sulfinates proceeds with good yields, while under the mild reaction conditions offered by visible light photoredox catalysis, the radical amination of hydrazones or the sulfoximidation of benzylic, allylic and propargylic C-H bonds takes place satisfactorily.The existence of chemical weapons (blister and nerve agents) is an unfortunate reality of the modern world. The usage of these chemical agents by rogue states or terrorist groups has showcased their ugly faces in the past and even in recent years. Despite extensive and strenuous efforts by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to eliminate chemical warfare agents (CWAs) by the prohibition of their production and the destruction of their stockpiles, many countries still possess them in enormous quantities. Given the potential threat from these lethal agents, it is imperative to have a foolproof chemical sensor and detection system, which should consist of readily deployable chemical probes that can operate with high specificity and sensitivity. Over the last decade, our group has been engaged in designing and developing novel field-deployable sensing techniques by exploring approaches based on supramolecular tools, which can result in excellent specificity, sensitivity, high speed, pout interference from most relevant analytes. Finally, the outlook of open challenges and the future developments of this rapidly evolving field is discussed.Chiral carbon dots are prepared by a simple and one-step hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C for 2 h using citric acid and d-proline as precursors, which show high asymmetric catalytic activity for enantioselective direct aldol condensation. This work provides a hint for the simple preparation of heterogeneous chiral catalysts.An efficient method for estimating non-adiabatic coupling matrix elements (NACME) and rate constants for internal conversion (kIC) is presented. The method, based on Plotnikov's theory, requires only calculations of the electronic wave functions and the corresponding electronic excitation energies. Computationally expensive calculations of the derivatives of the electronic wave function with respect to the nuclear coordinates are avoided.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/acy-775.html  When the main accepting modes of the electronic excitation energy are X-H vibrations, the present method can be used for estimating the efficiency of the energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules. It can also be used in studies of the influence of hydrogen bonding or solvent effect on fluorescence quenching, in studies of vibronic effects of TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence) emitters, and for calculating kIC. Here, kIC and NACME are calculated for free-base porhyrin, magnesium porphyrin, azulene, naphthalene, pyrene and fluorenone interacting with a solvent molecule. Reverse kIC and NACME are further calculated for the T1→ T2 transition of dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (PTZ-DBTO2), which is used in TADF applications. Finally, we estimate the efficiency of the energy transfer between two large porphyrinoid dimers.The energetically optimal position of lattice defects on intrinsically curved surfaces is a complex function of shape parameters. For open surfaces, a simple condition predicts the critical size for which a central disclination yields lower energy than a boundary disclination. In practice, this transition is modified by activation energies or more favorable intermediate defect positions. Here it is shown that these transition characteristics (continuous or discontinuous, first or second order) can also be inferred from analytical, general criteria evaluated from the surface shape. A universal scale of activation energy is found, and the criteria are generalized to predict transition order as surface shape symmetry is broken. The results give practical insight into structural transitions to disorder in many cellular materials of technological and biological importance.Light-up DNA aptamers are promising label-free signal-transducers for biosensing applications due to their high chemical stability and low synthetic cost. Herein, we demonstrate that a dapoxyl DNA aptamer DAP-10-42 can be converted into a sensor generating a fluorescence signal at different wavelengths in the range of 500-660 nm depending on the dye that is present. This results from the discovered promiscuity of DAP-10-42 in binding fluorogenic dyes including arylmethane dyes. We have designed a split DAP-10-42 aptasensor for the detection of a katG gene fragment from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a point mutation causing isoniazid resistance. Efficient interrogation of the gene fragment after nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) is achieved directly in a protein-containing NASBA sample. This report lays a foundation for the application of the DAP-10-42 aptamer as a versatile sensing platform.The prolonged blood circulation of the radiolabeled antibody conjugates is problematic when using immuno-PET imaging due to the increased radiation exposure and longer hospitalization required until sufficient contrast develops. In contrast to the prevailing belief that PEGylation prolongs blood retention time, we observed that a PEGylated antibody with a short PEG8 linker cleared much faster from the blood while maintaining tumor uptake compared to its non-PEGylated counterpart. Breast tumors were clearly visualized with a very high tumor-to-background ratio as early as 24 h after injection in immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.Herein, lipid-coated polyaniline (LiPAni) nanoparticles were fabricated to monitor the redox state of cancer cells. To confirm the characteristics of LiPAni, we firstly analyzed the size and chemical structures of the LiPAni nanoparticles. The absorbance properties of the LiPAni nanoparticles were observed to vary with the pH conditions. Furthermore, cell viability tests conducted with breast cancer cell lines showed that the cell viability of the cells with LiPAni nanoparticles was dramatically increased compared to those with the Tween80-coated polyaniline nanoparticles (TPAni) as a control. Subsequently, the colors of the LiPAni nanoparticles were observed and analyzed using spectroscopic methods. Finally, in order to investigate the more accurate sensing of the redox state using the color changes of the LiPAni nanoparticles with cancer cell lines, dark field microscopic images and scattering spectra were recorded at the single nanoparticle scale. For the TPAni nanoparticles, there was only a change in brightness and no change in color, but for the LiPAni nanoparticles, there was a change of color from yellow to pink in the dark field images.