https://www.selleckchem.com/products/1-methylnicotinamide-chloride.html This study investigated the effects of consumption of wheat-durum pasta added of Bifidobacterium animalis inactivated by gamma-irradiation (paraprobiotic) on health and gut microbiota of rats. Twenty-one male rats were divided into three groups as follow control (Control) receiving standard diet; pasta control (PC) receiving diet containing pasta, and paraprobiotic pasta Bifidobacterium-irradiated (PPBI), receiving paraprobiotic pasta. The serum levels of glucose and total cholesterol were reduced (p  less then  0.05) in PPBI when compared to the Control (p  less then  0.05). PPBI showed high abundance (p ˂ 0.05) of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and a lower abundance of Bacteriodes compared to Control and PC. Besides, the PPBI showed high abundance (p ˂ 0.05) of Clostridiales, Lactobacillales; Bifidobacteriales, Bacillales, and Coriobacteriales in comparison to Control. Specific genera such as Bifibacterium, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Allobaculum, and Blautia were more related to PPBI. Findings reveal wheat-durum pasta as a potential vehicle for delivering paraprobiotics B. animalis.Degloving injuries of the fingers represent a reconstructive challenge. Even if poorly described in literature, the proximal ulnar perforator flap (PUPF), based on perforator of the anterior ulnar recurrent artery or directly on a perforator branch of the ulnar artery, meets the requested criteria for the ideal coverage. We performed a cadaveric study in order to clarify the anatomical basis and vascularization of the PUPF flap. Eight injected upper limb specimens were dissected for this study perforators were followed down to their origin and classified in terms of number, length, diameters and distances between their emergence and specific pre-determined landmarks as the medial humeral epicondyle. At least one ulnar perforator in the proximal third of the forearm was identified in all the specimens. In 50% of the