ermissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess whether trigger tools were useful identifying triage errors among patients referred to non-emergency care by emergency medical dispatch nurses, and to describe the characteristics of these patients. DESIGN An observational study of patients referred by dispatch nurses to non-emergency care. SETTING Dispatch centres in two Swedish regions. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1089 adult patients directed to non-emergency care by dispatch nurses between October 2016 and February 2017. 53% were female and the median age was 61 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was a visit to an emergency department within 7 days of contact with the dispatch centre. Secondary outcomes were (1) visits related to the primary contact with the dispatch centre, (2) provision of care above the primary level (ie, interventions not available at a typical local primary care centre) and (3) admission to hospital in-patient care. RESULTS Of 1089 included patients, 260 (24%) visited an. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES There is mixed evidence on the relationship between physical activity and behavioural and mental health. We aimed to estimate the association between physical activity and risk of behavioural and mental health disorders in early school-aged children. DESIGN A series of cross-sectional complete enumeration (census) surveys. SETTINGS All primary schools in the Australian Capital Territory, 2014-2016. PARTICIPANTS All children enrolled in their first year of full-time primary education (kindergarten) were invited to participate. Of the 16 662 eligible kindergarten children, 15 040 completed the survey for the first time. OUTCOME MEASURES Average daily physical activity participation and prevalence of risk of behavioural and mental health disorders derived from parent-reported data and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Characteristics associated with SDQ Total difficulties and subscales were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS 8340 (61.7%) children met physical activity targeander children, boys and those from the most disadvantaged socioeconomic group were at greatest risk of clinically significant behavioural and mental health disorders. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES Early phase cell therapy trials face many barriers to successful, timely completion. To optimise the conduct of a planned clinical trial of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for chronic stroke, we sought patient and physician views on possible barriers and enablers that may influence their participation. DESIGN Semistructured interview study. SETTING Patients were recruited from three rehabilitation centres in Ontario, Canada; physicians were recruited from across Canada through snowball sampling. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen chronic stroke patients (patients who had experienced a stroke at least 3 months prior; 10 male, 3 female) and 15 physicians (stroke physiatrists; 9 male, 6 female) participated in our interview study. Data adequacy was reached after 13 patient interviews and 13 physician interviews. METHODS Interview guides and directed content analysis were based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Interviews were coded, and relevant themes were identified. RESULTS Most patients were optipermitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between ambient air pollution and stroke morbidity in different subgroups and seasons. METHODS We performed a time-series analysis based on generalised linear models to study the short-term exposure-response relationships between air pollution and stroke hospitalisations, and conducted subgroup analyses to identify possible sensitive populations. RESULTS For every 10 µg/m3 increase in the concentration of air pollutants, across lag 0-3 days, the relative risk of stroke hospitalisation was 1.029 (95% CI 1.013 to 1.045) for PM2.5, 1.054 (95% CI 1.031 to 1.077) for NO2 and 1.012 (95% CI 1.002 to 1.022) for O3. Subgroup analyses showed that statistically significant associations were found in both men and women, middle-aged and older populations, and both cerebral infarction and intracerebral haemorrhage. The seasonal analyses showed that statistically significant associations were found only in the winter. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that short-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and O3 may induce stroke morbidity, and the government should take actions to mitigate air pollution and protect sensitive populations. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVE To study characteristics and outcomes among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) due to pulmonary aspiration. DESIGN A retrospective observational study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (SRCR). SETTING The SRCR is a nationwide quality registry that covers 96% of all Swedish hospitals.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html  Participating hospitals vary in size from secondary hospitals to university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS The study included patients registered in the SRCR in the period 2008 to 2017. We compared patients with IHCA caused by pulmonary aspiration (n=127), to those with IHCA caused by respiratory failure of other causes (n=2197). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was 30-day survival. Secondary outcome was sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) defined as ROSC at the scene and admitted alive to the intensive care unit. RESULTS In the aspiration group 80% of IHCA occurred on general wards, as compared with 63.6% in the respiratory failure group (p less then 0.001). Patients in the aspiration group were less likely to be monitored at the time of the arrest (18.5% vs 38%, p less then 0.001) and had a significantly lower rate of sustained ROSC (36.5% vs 51.6%, p=0.001). The unadjusted 30-day survival rate compared with the respiratory failure group was 7.9% versus 18.0%, p=0.024. In a propensity score analysis (including variables; year, age, gender, location of arrest, initial heart rhythm, ECG monitoring, witnessed collapse and a previous medical history of; cancer, myocardial infarction or heart failure) the OR for 30-day survival was 0.46 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS In-hospital cardiac arrest preceded by pulmonary aspiration occurred more often on general wards among unmonitored patients. These patients had a lower 30-day survival rate compared with IHCA caused by respiratory failure of other causes. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.