Mel-P has shown cell viability of 61.33 ± 6.58% at the concentration of 500 μg/mL proving its non-cytotoxic effect. Owing to its anti-oxidant property, melanin efficiently protected the mouse fibroblast cells from UV-B (BB) irradiation in a dose dependant manner demonstrating its potential as an active photoprotective agent.
  Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data of sarcoma survivors are scarce and the impact of age remains unclear. The aims of this population-based study were to (i) compare HRQoL scores amongst three age-groups [adolescents and young adults (AYA, aged 18-39 years), older adults (OA, aged 40-69 years) and elderly (aged ≥70 years)]; (ii) compare HRQoL of each sarcoma survivor age group with an age- and sex-matched normative population sample; (iii) determine factors associated with low HRQoL per age group.
 
  Dutch sarcoma survivors, who were 2-10 years after diagnosis, were invited to complete the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30-questions questionnaire on HRQoL.
 
  In total, 1099 survivors (58% response rate) completed the questionnaire 186 AYAs, 748 OAs and 165 elderly. The median time since diagnosis for all patients was 5.2 years. Bone sarcomas were seen in 41% of AYAs, 22% of OAs and in 16% of elderly survivors (P < 0.01). AYA and OA surdjusted care.
 In this nationwide sarcoma survivorship study, the disease and its treatment had relatively more impact on the HRQoL of AYA and OA survivors than on elderly survivors.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ms023.html  These results emphasise the need for personalised follow-up care that not only includes risk-adjusted care related to disease relapse, but also age-adjusted care.Lung cancer in young patients is an uncommon and understudied entity that harbors distinctive epidemiological, clinic-demographic, and genomic features. We carried out a systematic review of genomic profiling in young patients with lung cancer from 2010 to 2020 in the main electronic databases and selected 23 manuscripts. Lung cancer in young patients occurs more frequently in women with adenocarcinoma histology and at more advanced stages. Some studies report higher oncogenic genomic alteration in this population, with higher anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements, a distinct profile of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, and other novel genomic alterations. Although still uncommon, the implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has shed some light on germline genomic alterations associated with lung cancer in young patients. Although outcomes when compared with the older population are conflicting, the overall prognosis is still poor in this subset of patients and efforts to find targetable genomic alterations should be made to improve survival.
  Second primary cancers (SPCs) are diagnosed in over 5% of patients after a first primary cancer (FPC). We explore here the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) given for an FPC on the risk of SPC in different age groups, cancer types and treatments.
 
  The files of the 46 829 patients diagnosed with an FPC in the Centre Léon Bérard from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed. Structured data were extracted and electronic patient records were screened using a natural language processing tool, with validation using manual screening of 2818 files of patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the incidence of SPC according to patient characteristics and treatment were conducted.
 
  Among the 46 829 patients, 1830 (3.9%) had a diagnosis of SPC with a median interval of 11.1 months (range 0-78 months); 18 128 (38.7%) received cytotoxic chemotherapy (CC) and 1163 (2.5%) received ICIs for the treatment of the FPC in this period. SPCs were observed in 7/1163 (0.6%) patients who had received ICIs for their FPC versus 437/16 997 (2.6%) patients receiving CC and no ICIs for the FPC versus 1386/28 669 (4.8%) for patients receiving neither CC nor ICIs for the FPC. This reduction was observed at all ages and for all histotypes analyzed. Treatment with ICIs and/or CC for the FPC are associated with a reduced risk of SPC in multivariate analysis.
 
  Immunotherapy with ICIs alone and in combination with CC was found to be associated with a reduced incidence of SPC for all ages and cancer types.
 Immunotherapy with ICIs alone and in combination with CC was found to be associated with a reduced incidence of SPC for all ages and cancer types.
  Older cancer patients are underrepresented in the pivotal trials of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). This study aimed to investigate the impact of an ageing immune system on CPI-related toxicity and provide evidence for the role of geriatric assessments with CPI.
 
  The ELDERS study is a prospective observational study with two cohorts older (70+ years of age) and younger (<70 years of age). Patients with advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer or melanoma starting single-agent CPI were eligible. The older cohort was assessed for frailty with Geriatric-8 (G8) screening, which when positive (<15 points) was followed by a holistic set of geriatric assessments. Primary endpoint was the incidence of grade 3-5 immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
 
  One hundred and forty patients were enrolled with 43% being pretreated and pembrolizumab represented 92% of treatments on study. The older cohort had a significantly higher comorbidity burden (P < 0.001) and polypharmacy (P= 0.004). While 50% of older patients had a positive G8 screening, 60% on this frail subgroup had a performance status score of 0 or 1. There was no significant difference in the incidence of irAEs grade 3-5 between older and younger cohorts (18.6% versus 12.9%; odds ratio 1.55, confidence interval 95% 0.61-3.89; P= 0.353). Exposure to systemic steroids due to irAEs was numerically longer for older patients (22 versus 8 weeks; P= 0.208). A positive G8 screening predicted hospital admissions (P= 0.031) and risk of death (P= 0.01).
 
  The use of CPI in older patients was not associated with more high-grade toxicity. The G8 screening identified a subgroup with higher risk of AEs and its implementation should be considered in the context of CPI.
 The use of CPI in older patients was not associated with more high-grade toxicity. The G8 screening identified a subgroup with higher risk of AEs and its implementation should be considered in the context of CPI.