This study aimed to evaluate the association of clinical characteristics with treatment outcomes to ascertain the appropriate treatment options for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) patients with brain metastasis (BM). Medical records of STS patients with BM who were treated in our institutions were retrospectively reviewed, and analyzed to identify the factors associated with post-BM survival. Among the 509 STS patients, BM occurred in five patients (0.98%). The median survival after BM was 1.5 months. Histological subtypes of the primary lesions in the five BM patients were two synovial sarcomas, one myxoid liposarcoma, one alveolar soft part sarcoma, and one rhabdomyosarcoma. Among the five BM patients, the post-BM survival of two patients, who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, was longer than that of the other patients (p<0.01). Combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy effectively managed symptoms and prolonged survival in STS patients with BM. Combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy effectively managed symptoms and prolonged survival in STS patients with BM. Biomarkers for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are required. We encountered a patient whose skin irAE fluctuated in parallel with serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R). We examined 15 patients with cancer who received ICIs. Serum sIL-2R levels before and during ICI treatment were measured. The sIL-2R levels of preserved serum samples from another five patients who developed grade 3 irAEs were measured. Twelve patients showed no significant changes in sIL-2R levels during ICI treatment. Baseline serum sIL-2R levels in three patients increased beyond the normal range before the second cycle. These three patients had grade ≥2 irAEs at the second cycle treatment visit, supporting our hypothesis. Furthermore, at diagnosis of irAEs, the sIL-2R levels of all preserved samples from patients with grade 3 irAEs were significantly elevated. Serum sIL-2R is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of irAEs. Serum sIL-2R is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of irAEs. Soft pancreatic texture is a risk factor for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/inf195.html However, conventional evaluation of pancreatic texture is largely dependent on subjective assessment and lacks quantitative parameters. The study aimed to use ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) to evaluate pancreatic stiffness to determine if the intraoperative SWE measurement could be a quantitative predictor for POPF. Fifteen patients scheduled for pancreaticoduodenectomy were included. Both pre- and intra-operative measurement of the pancreatic SWE index (SWEI) were evaluated. Relationships between intraoperative and preoperative SWEI, pathological fibrosis of the resected pancreatic specimen, postoperative exocrine function of the remnant pancreas, and the incidence of POPF were evaluated. The intraoperative SWEI was correlated with the preoperative SWEI, pathological fibrosis of pancreatic tissue, and pancreatic exocrine function. Intraoperative SWE measurement of pancreatic elasticity may be useful as a quantitative method for evaluating pancreatic fibrosis and exocrine function. Intraoperative SWE measurement of pancreatic elasticity may be useful as a quantitative method for evaluating pancreatic fibrosis and exocrine function. To identify prognostic factors for patients with stage IV gastric cancer (GC) and a single stage IV factor before chemotherapy who underwent conversion surgery (R0 resection). This study retrospectively analysed 32 GC patients with a single stage IV factor before chemotherapy and who underwent conversion surgery (R0 resection) between January 2001 and September 2015. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. The five-year survival rate was 39.6%, and the median survival time was 47.0 months. In the univariate analysis, diffuse-type according to Lauren classification was significantly associated with worse overall survival (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, diffuse-type was selected as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio=15.970, 95% confidence interval=3.804-67.043, p<0.001). Diffuse-type may be a useful prognostic factor in GC patients with a single stage IV factor who undergo conversion surgery (R0 resection). Diffuse-type may be a useful prognostic factor in GC patients with a single stage IV factor who undergo conversion surgery (R0 resection). Identification of predictors of survival of patients with lower genital tract melanoma (LGTM) and evaluation of the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Data of twenty women with LGTM were retrospectively collected. Survival outcomes were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival distributions were analyzed using the Log rank test. Twenty patients with LGTM (6 vaginal/14 vulvar) were evaluated. Factors significantly affecting Five-year OS was the stage of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC 2017) (I+II 55.6% vs. III+IV 25.9%; p=0.030) and the T-Stage (I+II 100% vs. III+IV 7.5%; p=0.280). Factors negatively affecting Five-year PFS was T-Stage >II (p=0.005), AJCC stage >II (p<0.001), depth of tumor infiltration >3 mm (p=0.008), nodal involvement (p=0.013), distant disease (p=0.002), and resection margins <10 mm (p=0.024). Nine patients received immunotherapy [median duration of response (DOR)=4 months]. Three patients received immuno- and radiation therapy (median DOR of 5 months). Two patients received T-VEC, only one responded. Surgery has a therapeutic effect in early stage LGTM. Advanced stages may be treated with immunotherapy, radiation therapy, a combination of both, and oncolytic viral immunotherapy. Surgery has a therapeutic effect in early stage LGTM. Advanced stages may be treated with immunotherapy, radiation therapy, a combination of both, and oncolytic viral immunotherapy. Surgery on hemodialysis patients requires special attention, as the tissue of these patients is vulnerable and hemorrhagic. This study explored the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in hemodialysis patients. This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in a single institute from April 2007 to December 2016. A total of 2668 patients were included 24 (0.9%) were on hemodialysis, and 2644 (99.1%) were not. After 11 propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in the short-term postoperative results, the disease-free survival rate (p=0.0813) or the cancer-specific survival rate (p=0.555). However, the overall survival rate was significantly lower in hemodialysis patients than in non-hemodialysis patients (p=0.0135). Standard laparoscopic operative procedures can be safely performed for hemodialysis patients, and there was no marked difference in the long-term oncological outcomes between the two groups. Standard laparoscopic operative procedures can be safely performed for hemodialysis patients, and there was no marked difference in the long-term oncological outcomes between the two groups.