https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a natural bioactive lipid molecule and a common first or second messenger in the cardiovascular and immune systems. By binding with its receptors, S1P can serve as mediator of signalling during cell migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Although the predominant role of S1P in bone regeneration has been noted in many studies, this role is not as well-known as its roles in the cardiovascular and immune systems. In this review, we summarize previous research on the role of S1P receptors (S1PRs) in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, S1P is regarded as a bridge between bone resorption and formation, which brings hope to patients with bone-related diseases. Finally, we discuss S1P and its receptors as therapeutic targets for treating osteoporosis, inflammatory osteolysis and bone metastasis based on the biological effects of S1P in osteoclastic/osteoblastic cells, immune cells and tumour cells. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Efficient and low-cost anode materials for the sodium-ion battery are highly desired to enable more economic energy storage. We describe here effects on an ultrathin carbon nitride film deposited on a copper metal electrode, the combination of which show an unusually high capacity to store sodium metal. The g-C 3 N 4 film is as thin as 10 nm and can be fabricated by an efficient, facile, and general chemical-vapor deposition method. A high reversible capacity of formally up to 51 Ah g -1 indicates that the Na is not only stored in the carbon nitride as such, but that carbon nitride activates also the metal for reversible Na-deposition, while forming at the same time an solid electrolyte interface layer avoiding direct contact of the metallic phase with the liquid electrolyte. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGa