In recent years, self-cleaning and transparent surfaces have been widely studied for application on smart windows, solar panels, camera lenses, and other optoelectronic devices. The self-cleaning properties can possibly extend the lifetime of these products and decrease, even eliminate, the requirement of chemical detergents and high labor costs of cleaning. It can also promote the overall efficiency of outdoor optoelectronic devices (e. g. solar cell panels) since dirt accumulation and bacteria growth can be slowed down, even inhibited on such surfaces. In this mini review, the fundamentals and conditions that govern superhydrophobicity and transparency are introduced, followed by the discussion of roughness as the competing factor for superhydrophobicity and transparency. Representative examples of the surface design and fabrication are introduced and future perspectives are shared. This mini review can help the research community better understand such surfaces and further accelerate its development for innovative practical applications.Proton conductivity has been traditionally investigated with various materials such as organic polymers, metal oxides, and other inorganic and organic compounds because of their potential application in the electrochemical devices. In particular, during the last decade, crystalline porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received considerable attention in recent years, as solid-state proton conductors (SSPCs). To date, proton-conductive MOFs have achieved high performance in proton conductivity (>10-2  S cm-1 ) with rational design strategies. In addition, there are dedicated efforts to define the conduction pathway and mechanism using various experimental tools. In this review, we focus on the characterization of proton conductivity and molecular dynamics in hydrated MOFs, with selected examples to provide an understanding of the overall conduction mechanism.Fear of crime is a complex perception and has underlying psychological, social and health repercussions. The influence of fear of crime on psychosocial outcomes, however, may be moderated by various social factors. This study examined how fear of crime influences loneliness among low-income older adults attending a Senior Activity Centre (SAC) in multiethnic Singapore. In addition, we tested whether these associations were moderated by gender and ethnicity. We analysed cross-sectional data (N = 1,266) from The SAC Study, a survey conducted with older adults who were attending a SAC between March 2015 and August 2015. Multilevel models were used to test whether fear of crime was associated with loneliness; and whether the association was moderated by gender and ethnicity. We found that fear of crime was positively associated with loneliness, and that this association was stronger among men than women, but ethnicity did not moderate this relationship. Findings from our study suggest that fear of crime may have a stronger negative effect on men's psychological well-being, even though they report lower fear of crime. This highlights the importance of sociocultural context when examining the psychosocial implications of fear of crime in the population.Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare disorder characterized by a triad of ventricular arrhythmia (VA), dysmorphic features, and periodic paralysis. Due to the rarity of this condition, less is known about physiologic effect of pregnancy to ATS and arrhythmia. There is no established guideline for peripartum or postpartum treatment and prevention of arrhythmia in ATS; thus, the clinical management is challenging. We reported two KCNJ2-associated ATS patients who got pregnant and underwent vaginal birth safely. Both individuals had VA, micrognathia without periodic paralysis. β-blocker plus flecainide could be an effective treatment combination when monotherapy failed to control arrhythmia. VA of two pregnant patients with ATS could be controlled by either physiologic changes associated pregnancy or the combination treatment of β-blocker and flecainide.
  Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder whose genetic complexity and pathogenetic mechanisms are still being unraveled. The main goal of this work was to characterize BPD risk-gene candidates (identified by Nurnberger et al., JAMA Psychiatry 71657, 2014, and Stahl et al., Nat. Genet. 51793, 2019) with respect to their evolutionary conservation, associated phenotypes, and extent of gene-gene interactions.
 
  Database searches and BLAST were used to identify homologous counterparts of human BPD risk genes in C. elegans, zebrafish, and Drosophila. Phenotypes associated with the C. elegans genes were annotated and searched.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Ilginatinib-hydrochloride.html  With GeneMANIA, we characterized and quantified gene-gene interactions among members of the BPD gene set in comparison to randomly chosen gene sets of the same size.
 
  BPD risk genes are highly conserved across species and are enriched for essential genes and genes associated with lethality and altered life span. They are significantly more interactive with each other in comparison to random genes. We identified syntenic blocks of risk genes, which provided potential insights into molecular pathways and co-morbidities associated with BPD including coronary disease, obesity, and decreased life expectancy.
 
  BPD risk genes appear to be special in terms of their degree of conservation, interconnectedness, and pleiotropic effects that extend beyond a role in brain function. Key hub genes or pleiotropic regulatory components may represent attractive targets for future drug discovery.
 BPD risk genes appear to be special in terms of their degree of conservation, interconnectedness, and pleiotropic effects that extend beyond a role in brain function. Key hub genes or pleiotropic regulatory components may represent attractive targets for future drug discovery.
  D-dimer is a marker of fibrin degradation that reflects intravascular coagulation. Therefore, plasma concentrations of D-dimer might predict thromboembolic risk and rivaroxaban treatment effect. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between D-dimer levels and the risk of stroke and other thrombotic, bleeding and fatal events, and whether D-dimer concentrations could predict rivaroxaban 2.5mg twice daily (vs. placebo) effect in patients enrolled in the COMMANDER-HF trial who were in sinus rhythm, had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and coronary artery disease.
 
  Survival models with treatment-by-plasma D-dimer interaction. Baseline measurement of D-dimer was available in 4107 (82%) of 5022 patients enrolled. Median (percentile
  ) follow-up was 21 (12.9-32.8) months. The median (percentile
  ) plasma concentration of D-dimer was 360 (215-665)ng/mL. The D-dimer tertiles were (i) ≤255 ng/mL; (ii) 256-515 ng/mL; and (iii) >515 ng/mL. Patients within the tertile 3 were older, and had lower body mass index, blood pressure, haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction.