https://www.selleckchem.com/products/idasanutlin-rg-7388.html BACKGROUND & AIMS It is not clear whether screening colonoscopies provide any benefit to persons with negative results from a fecal immunochemical test (FIT). We investigated detection of CRC by colonoscopy in asymptomatic, average-risk, FIT-negative subjects METHODS We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of 96,804 subjects with an initial negative result from a FIT at ages 50-75 y, from 2008 through 2014, who then underwent colonoscopy, using the Kaiser Permanente California databases. We identified participants diagnosed with CRC from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2015 from a cancer registry. Subjects were followed until initial colonoscopy, health plan disenrollment, death, or December 31, 2015. We reviewed records from 400 randomly selected persons without CRC (controls) for risk features to estimate the proportion who underwent screening colonoscopy. We performed logistic regression to identify variables associated with CRC detection. RESULTS Of 257 subjects with a diagnosis o FIT (especially for persons younger than 60 y), usually non-advanced, and unrelated to the number of FITs performed. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the treatment of several cancers. These drugs increase T-cell activity and the anti-tumor immune response but also have immune-related adverse effects that can affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These adverse effects are observed in 7%-30% of patients treated with ICIs. As the number of diseases treated with ICIs increases, gastroenterologists will see more patients with ICI-induced GI adverse events. We performed a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and management of the adverse effects of ICIs on the GI tract. Treatment with anti-CTLA4 often causes severe enterocolitis, whereas treatment with inhibitors of PDCD1 (also called PD1) has less frequent and more diverse adverse effects. Managemen