Effective leadership is vital for high-quality healthcare. Despite progress in leadership development for junior doctors, studies reflect perceptions that junior doctors feel underprepared for leadership. This study aims to understand medical students' perceptions about barriers to effective leadership training and how to mitigate these.
 
  This was a mixed-methods study utilising focus group interviews structured using four trigger questions. Qualitative narrative responses underwent quantitative inductive coding applied by two independent coders. Commonly occurring codes underwent thematic analysis to understand underpinning themes.
 
  Thirty-one students were interviewed from King's College London (n=24) and St George's, University of London (n=7). Cohen's kappa statistic of inter-rater reliability was 0.73. The priority areas were the equity of teaching, implemented approaches and methods of assessing competency.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html  The study presents a driver diagram summarising findings.
 
  This study presents medical students' perceptions about barriers to effective leadership training in current undergraduate curriculum and interventions to mitigate these.
 This study presents medical students' perceptions about barriers to effective leadership training in current undergraduate curriculum and interventions to mitigate these.The introduction of physician associates in the UK reflects a need within our healthcare system to continue providing high-quality care amid a backdrop of ever-increasing demand, while acknowledging a medical workforce demanding flexibility and choice in their training alongside a well-resourced working environment. This article looks at the fundamental benefits that could be drawn from the physician associate workforce, while highlighting the historical progress of the profession and emphasising ongoing issues and limitations that will provide insight for the future development of the profession.In attempts to reduce the spread of COVID-19 among high-risk inflammatory bowel disease patients, many gastroenterology practices have recently gone 'virtual', using telemedicine technologies to care for their patients. In efforts to support this transition and improve approachability, social media platforms have been used to deliver telemedicine services with significant success. However, the patient perspective on this use of social media has largely been ignored. This study provides a baseline patient perspective on social media usage to help inform clinicians on which methods of telemedicine delivery will be best suited to their patient populations.Clinically relevant outcomes for same-day emergency care provided by ambulatory emergency care units (AECs) are largely unknown. We report the activity and outcomes for a large UK adult AEC operating an ambulatory-care-by-default model without specific exclusion criteria. The AEC consultant triaged all acute medical referrals to either the AEC or the standard non-ambulatory 'take' pathway during AEC opening hours. The proportion of acute medical referrals seen in the AEC increased to 42% (mean 700 referrals seen per month) in the last 6 months of the study and numbers seen in the non-ambulatory pathway fell. The most common diagnoses were for chest pain, pneumonia, cellulitis, heart failure and urinary system disorders. Seventy-four point eight per cent of patients completed their care in a single visit. In the last calendar year, the conversion rate from AEC to inpatient admission was 12%, and the 30-day readmission rate was 6.9% and 18% for the AEC and non-ambulatory pathways, respectively. Across the whole study period, the 30-day mortality was 1.6% and 6.9% for the AEC and non-ambulatory pathway, respectively. This ambulatory approach is safe and effective.
  Exception reporting is the main process in England to resolve issues related to junior doctor working hours. Concerns have been raised regarding variable report submission, but no significant exploration has occurred. This study assesses frequency of exception reporting and correlates it with frequency of working beyond rostered hours and overall satisfaction.
 
  National training survey (NTS) scores for 'Overall Satisfaction' and frequency of working beyond rostered hours was obtained for 26 randomly identified trusts throughout England and correlated with exception reporting frequency from guardian of safe working (guardian) quarterly reports covering April 2018.
 
  Guardian reports were obtained for 24 trusts. NTS data suggest trainees worked beyond their rostered hours 12.1 times per quarter (interquartile range (IQR) 10.0-12.9) whereas guardian reports show they exception reported 0.15 times per quarter (IQR 0.084-0.25). Trainees exception report 1.2% of the time they work beyond rostered hours (IQR 0.8-2.4%).Frequency of exception reporting correlates poorly with the frequency with which trainees work beyond rostered hours (coefficient -0.22) and with a marker of overall satisfaction (coefficient -0.21).
 
  The current exception reporting process significantly under-reports trainee working hours although there is regional variation.
 The current exception reporting process significantly under-reports trainee working hours although there is regional variation.
  Potential conflicts of interest (CoI) are common in medical research, necessitating the use of CoI declarations. There is currently no consensus document or external authority guiding CoI declarations in conference settings, resulting in declarations of variable quality and utility.
 
  We explored four CoI declaration parameters (sufficient slide display time; the presence of any verbal explanation pertaining to relevant CoI; the use of an adequate font size; and whether the nature and relevance of the CoI was described). Parameters were graded from one to three points, with the sum of parameters providing an overall declaration quality out of 12. We then applied this scoring system to recordings of presentations from the British Cardiovascular Society (BCS) annual conference 2018 which were available online.
 
  Sixty-nine presentations were suitable for inclusion, of which 47 (68%) contained a CoI statement. Thirty-six of the 47 (77%) presentations declared that they had no CoI. In the remaining 11 (23%) with reported CoI, the median time spent displaying CoI was 1 second (interquartile range (IQR) 0.