74, P = .001). Grade ≥ 3 toxicity rate with RT was 30% and associated with mucosal subsite (OR 4.04, P = .03) and BMI < 20 kg/m (OR 6.04, P = .012). Forty percent of patients (n = 59) were HIV-infected; most (85%) were on antiretroviral therapy, had suppressed viral loads (90% with ≤400 copies/mL), and had immunocompetent CD4 counts (median 400 cells/mm ). HIV-status was not associated with decreased receipt or delays of definitive RT, worse survival, or increased toxicity. Despite access to government-funded care, HNC patients in Botswana present late and have delays in care, which likely contributes to suboptimal survival outcomes. While a disproportionate number has comorbid HIV infection, HIV-status does not adversely affect outcomes. 2c Laryngoscope, 2020. 2c Laryngoscope, 2020. To compare the dispensed use of antidepressants in Australia and Sweden. We analysed publicly available data from Australia and Sweden on dispensed use of antidepressants from 2006 to 2018. The dispensed use of antidepressants has increased in both Australia and Sweden. Australia had a more rapid increase resulting in a higher total use. The utilisation profile was similar in both countries; SSRIs were the most commonly used group, "other antidepressants" were the group that increased the most, and seven of the eight most used substances were the same. There were differences in which antidepressants were most used, with the three most prescribed antidepressants being escitalopram, sertraline, and venlafaxine in Australia; and mirtazapine, sertraline, and citalopram in Sweden. Dispensed use of antidepressants has increased remarkably in both Australia and Sweden between 2006 and 2018. Although similar with regard to economic status and health care system, use of antidepressants differs between both countries. This may be a result of a combination of factors related to medical, contextual and policy evidence. The differences displayed in this study may reflect varying accessibility of treatments, national programmes enhancing mental health literacy in the population, clinical prescribing guidelines and timing of approval of new antidepressants. Dispensed use of antidepressants has increased remarkably in both Australia and Sweden between 2006 and 2018. Although similar with regard to economic status and health care system, use of antidepressants differs between both countries. This may be a result of a combination of factors related to medical, contextual and policy evidence. The differences displayed in this study may reflect varying accessibility of treatments, national programmes enhancing mental health literacy in the population, clinical prescribing guidelines and timing of approval of new antidepressants. To determine the food security status of patients with a history of head and neck cancer and compare to other types of cancer. A retrospective analysis using the National Health Interview Series. The National Health Interview Series (NHIS) for the calendar years 2014 to 18 was used to elicit food security status (secure, marginally secure/not secure) among adult patients with a history of throat/pharynx head and neck cancer (pHNC), thyroid cancer, and colon cancer. The relationship between food security and the primary site was compared and subanalyses were performed according to sex, race, and ethnicity. The study population included 199.0 thousand patients with pHNC, with 17.7% (95% confidence interval, 10.5%-28.1%) of pHNC patients reporting their food security status as marginally secure or not secure. Food insecurity was significantly higher among pHNC patients when compared to thyroid cancer (insecurity 10.7%, [7.7%-14.7%]) and colon cancer patients (10.1%, [7.8%-13.2%]). Among pHNC patients, there was no significant difference in rates of food insecurity when stratified by gender, race, or ethnicity. However, black individuals were more likely to have food insecurity with a history of thyroid or colon cancer (P < .042) and Hispanics were more likely to have food insecurity with a history of thyroid cancer (P = .005). Food insecurity disproportionally affects patients with a history of pHNC, though there is less demographic variability when compared to other cancer primary sites. Food security assessments should be part of the tailored approach to survivorship management in head and neck cancer. 4 Laryngoscope, 2020. 4 Laryngoscope, 2020.Tracheal intubation (TI) is a common procedure that rarely entails life-threatening complications. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/baxdrostat.html A 1.5-year-old female spayed cat presented with acute signs of respiratory distress 5 weeks after undergoing TI. Radiographs revealed a marked, segmental, tracheal narrowing. A hard, 5-cm-long, white-yellowish tissue was identified and removed from the trachea, with subsequent resolution of clinical signs and radiographic changes. Microscopically, the tissue consisted of fibrin and lytic neutrophils, interspaced with optically empty cavities and a few remains of talcum powder and hair shafts. Consequently, a diagnosis of obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP) was made. A rare complication of TI in humans, OFTP should also be suspected in cats with respiratory distress, a history of TI and radiographic evidence of tracheal narrowing. Based on cases from other species and the cat described herein, the condition can be easily resolved with OFTP removal. We examined data collected in the Monzino 80-plus study to assess the relations between cognitive performance and ACB scores according to the hypothesis that a higher anticholinergic burden is associated with reduced cognitive performance. The Monzino 80-plus is an ongoing, prospective, door-to-door population-based study started in 2002 among all residents 80 years or older in eight municipalities of Varese province, Italy. To establish the relation between cognitive impairment and the anticholinergic drug burden we recorded the ACB score for each patient at baseline. The relations between ACB score and dementia or MMSE scores were also examined after exclusion of patients taking any antipsychotic. A sample of 2140 elderly people was eligible for analysis. A significant dose-effect relationship was observed between total ACB score and diagnosis of dementia in univariate and multivariate models. Patients in ACB class ≥4 had about 4.5 times the risk of diagnosis of dementia. A relation was also found between higher ACB scores and lower MMSE scores; patients who scored 4 or more had a mean of 6.