High cholesterol dietsmainly caused the changes in the relative abundance in phylum of Firmicutes, Deferribacteres, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria, increasing Akkermansia, Clostridium_III, and Clostridium_XIVbgenera, and decreasing the intestinimonasgenus.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vardenafil.html  However, Y20 intervention restored the diversity of gut microbiota and alteration in relative abundance of these bacteria caused by high-cholesterol diet. Y20 could effectively decrease the higher relative abundance of Akkermansiahigh-cholesterol diet.
 
  Lactobacillus paragasseri Y20 can alleviate hypercholesterolemia in rats, regulate the gut microbiotadiversity and composition and affect liver metabolism in hypercholesterol rats.
 Lactobacillus paragasseri Y20 can alleviate hypercholesterolemia in rats, regulate the gut microbiotadiversity and composition and affect liver metabolism in hypercholesterol rats.
  To investigate the nutritional composition of fatty acids in freshwater products in Hunan Province.
 
  The edible parts of freshwater products were detected by gas chromatography, and fatty acid fingerprints were obtained by statistical analysis.
 
  A total of 18 freshwater products were monitored and 14-26 fatty acids were detected in each freshwater product. Among them, 12 were saturated fatty acids(SFA), ranging from 0. 74 to 3143 mg/100 g, 9 were monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), ranging from 1. 23 to 2790 mg/100 g, and 10 were polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), ranging from 1. 75 to 2832 mg/100 g. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 in polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 0. 24∶1 to 15. 7∶1.
 
  The composition of fatty acids in freshwater products in Hunan Province is mainly unsaturated fatty acids. Most freshwater products are rich in n-3 PUFA, and the ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3 PUFA is less than 6, which is beneficial to the nutritional balance. The composition and content of fatty acids have ideal nutritional value.
 The composition of fatty acids in freshwater products in Hunan Province is mainly unsaturated fatty acids. Most freshwater products are rich in n-3 PUFA, and the ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3 PUFA is less than 6, which is beneficial to the nutritional balance. The composition and content of fatty acids have ideal nutritional value.
  Development of dietary literacy questionnaire for school-age children's diet providers and evaluation of its reliability and validity.
 
  Based on the main theoretical basis of dietary literacy definition, a pool of dietary literacy questionnaires for school-age children's daily diet providers was prepared by expert group discussion through the Delphi method. The initial scale was formed by method such as expert panel discussions. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the daily dietary providers of 1137 urban and rural children in Hefei in November 2018. The t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the decision value, correlation analysis and internal consistency analysis. The structural equation model was constructed to evaluate the structural validity of the questionnaire. One week after the interval, 90 school-age children's daily diet providers using random sampling were retested, and the test-retest reliability was analyzed. The re questionnaire was 0. 874, the split-half reliability was 0. 813, and the test-retest reliability was 0. 878. Structural equation model fitting index χ~2/df=2. 28, RMSEA=0. 042, NFI=0. 841, GFI=0. 927, AGFI=0. 912, RFI=0. 821, IFI=0. 904, TLI=0. 891, CFI=0. 903. In addition, the differences in scores of different education levels, urban and rural questionnaires and different dietary behaviors of children were statistically significant(P<0. 05), and the questionnaires had good discriminant validity.
 
  The reliability and validity of the dietary literacy questionnaire for school-age children's daily diet providers is good, and it can provide reference for evaluating the dietary quality of school-age children's dietary providers.
 The reliability and validity of the dietary literacy questionnaire for school-age children's daily diet providers is good, and it can provide reference for evaluating the dietary quality of school-age children's dietary providers.
  A method based on isotope internal standard dilution was established for the determination of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH4) including chrysene, benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [b] fluoranthene and benzo [a] pyrene in spicy strips sold in the markets.
 
  The hot strips were homogenized and the target compounds were extracted with n-hexane, concentrated in vacuum, saponified and purified by solid phase extraction column, then the pretreated samples were separated by DB-EUPAH column(20 m×0. 18 mm, 0. 14 μm), detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and quantified by internal standard of isotope.
 
  The recoveries of PAH4 in different concentration levels of hot noodles were 91. 0%-103. 5%, and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was 1. 89%-6. 73%(n=6). The detection limit was 0. 30 μg/kg and the quantitative limit was 1. 0 μg/kg. The content of PAH4(sum) in 27 collected samples ranged from 1. 35 μg/kg to 11. 44 μg/kg, and the detection rate was 100%.
 
  With less solvent consumption, good purification effect and blank control, the method is simple, rapid and accurate and meets the detecting requirements of PAH4 in hot strips.
 With less solvent consumption, good purification effect and blank control, the method is simple, rapid and accurate and meets the detecting requirements of PAH4 in hot strips.
  To establish a method for analysis of 25-hydroxylvitamin D_2(25(OH)D_2), 25-hydroxylvitamin D_3(25(OH)D_3)and vitamin K_1 in serum by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS), which can be applied in diagnosis of vitamin deficiency and estimation on the nutritional status of people.
 
  Serum samples mixed with d_6-25(OH)D_3, d_7-vitamin K_1(internal standard)were precipitated with acetonitrile and extracted with n-hexane. The sample solution was separated using BEH C_(18) column(2. 1 mm×100 mm, 1. 7 μm) with gradient elution using methanol-water containing 0. 1% formic acid as mobile phase. The target molecule was detected in positive electrospray ionization(ESI~+) and multiple reaction monitoring.
 
  The concentration of 25(OH)D_2, 25(OH)D_3 and vitamin K_1 showed good linearity in the range 5. 0-75. 0 ng/mL, 2. 0-81. 5 ng/mL and 0. 3-12. 0 ng/mL, respectively, with the correlation coefficients greater than 0. 995. The limits of detection(LOD) of 25(OH)D_2, 25(OH)D_3 and vitamin K_1 were 1, 0.