Ultrasound (US) is increasingly used for transforaminal approaches. We evaluated whether fusing computed tomography (CT) images with dynamic US could be based on bony and surface landmarks in two phantom models.
 
  Recordings were performed in a gelatin-based sonographic phantom and in a computerized imaging reference system training phantom. Three anesthesiologists performed 10 US and CT image fusions via three different techniques (1) using locations of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) spinous process and the two posterior superior iliac spines in both images, (2) using the two lateral edges of the laminae rather than posterior superior iliac spines, and (3) using skin landmarks. Techniques were compared using values of precision (High quality of fusion VP inferior to 10). Three punctures targeting the L4-L5 right foramina were made, and needle positions were checked using X-ray.
 
  Sixty fusions were performed in the gelatin phantom and 90 in the training phantom. VPs values of the 150 fusions were inferior to 5. Technique 2 was superior to one [operator 1 VP 1.12 ± 0.54 vs. 2.38 ± 1.49; operator 2 0.6 ± 0.39 vs. 3.66 ± 1.22; operator 3 0.89 ± 0.31 vs. 1.23 ± 0.63 (p < 0.001)] with the gelatin phantom. There were no differences with the second phantom. X-ray examinations confirmed L4-L5 needle positioning.
 
  Bony and surface landmarks allowed for accurate fusion of CT and US images of the lumbar spine. These techniques, performed on phantoms, allowed for precise localization and puncturing of lumbar neural foramina.
 Bony and surface landmarks allowed for accurate fusion of CT and US images of the lumbar spine. These techniques, performed on phantoms, allowed for precise localization and puncturing of lumbar neural foramina.
  This study was conducted to investigate the reaction times and symmetry index (SI) of the bilateral trunk and limb muscles between control subjects and subjects with low back pain (LBP) that persistedfor two months or longer.
 
  Fifty-seven right limb dominant subjects (31 healthy control subjects and 26 subjects with LBP) participated in this study. The subjects were exposed to a slip perturbation (0.24m/sec velocity for 1.20cm), which caused them to move forward for 0.10s in standing while holding a tray. The electromyography (EMG) electrodes were placed on the bilateral erector spinae (ES), rectus abdominis (RA), rectus femoris, hamstring, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii muscles. The reaction times were analyzed, and the SI was used to compare the bilateral trunk and limb muscles for the degree of asymmetry between groups.
 
  The ES reaction time was significantly delayed in the control group (0.33 ± 0.22 vs. 0.22 ± 0.17; t = 2.25, p = 0.03). The SI of reaction times was significantly different on the RA (t = -2.28, p = 0.03), ES (t = -2.36, p = 0.04), and BB (t = -2.15, p = 0.04) muscles between groups.
 
  The delayed non-dominant ES reaction time might indicate a freedom of pain recurrence in the control group. Although the asymmetry increased on the RA and BB muscles in the LBP group, it decreased on the ES muscle. The asymmetries on the trunk and BB muscles were evident in the LBP group.The asymmetrical reactions in the arm-trunk muscles need to be considered for rehabilitation strategies.
 The delayed non-dominant ES reaction time might indicate a freedom of pain recurrence in the control group. Although the asymmetry increased on the RA and BB muscles in the LBP group, it decreased on the ES muscle. The asymmetries on the trunk and BB muscles were evident in the LBP group. The asymmetrical reactions in the arm-trunk muscles need to be considered for rehabilitation strategies.
  To compare the accuracy of coronary calcium quantification of cadaveric specimens imaged from a photon-counting detector (PCD)-CT and an energy-integrating detector (EID)-CT.
 
  Excised coronary specimens were scanned on a PCD-CT scanner, using both the PCD and EID subsystems. The scanning and reconstruction parameters for EID-CT and PCD-CT were matched 120 kV, 9.3-9.4 mGy CTDI
  , and a quantitative kernel (D50). PCD-CT images were also reconstructed using a sharper kernel (D60). Scanning the same specimens using micro-CT served as a reference standard for calcified volumes. Calcifications were segmented with a half-maximum thresholding technique. Segmented calcified volume differences were analyzed using the Friedman test and post hoc pairwise Wilcoxon signed rank test with the Bonferroni correction.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Carboplatin.html  Image noise measurements were compared between EID-CT and PCD-CT with a repeated-measures ANOVA test and post hoc pairwise comparison with the Bonferroni correction. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically sto conventional EID-CT. • PCD-CT images exhibit lower image noise than conventional EID-CT at matched radiation dose and reconstruction kernel.
 • High spatial resolution offered by PCD-CT reduces partial volume averaging and consequently leads to better morphological depiction of coronary calcifications. • Improved quantitative accuracy for coronary calcification volumes could be achieved using high-resolution PCD-CT compared to conventional EID-CT. • PCD-CT images exhibit lower image noise than conventional EID-CT at matched radiation dose and reconstruction kernel.Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are rare serious vascular abnormalities mostly due to infections and trauma, although other conditions such as vasculitis, neoplasms, or inflammatory lung diseases can also predispose to this entity. Endovascular techniques such as embolization or covered stent placement have mostly substituted surgical approaches, for their lower invasiveness and greater security, mainly in patients with life-threatening hemoptysis. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the imaging findings of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms and their endovascular management including tips to help interventional radiologists. PAP should be diagnosed as accurately and early as possible in order to prompt endovascular management of further life-threatening hemoptysis. KEY POINTS • Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are rare serious vascular abnormalities that may represent a life-threatening condition, mainly due to Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. • Radiologists should know the imaging findings of PAP in order to make an accurate and early diagnosis to prompt endovascular management of further life-threatening hemoptysis.