© American Society for Clinical Pathology 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.INTRODUCTION We aimed to validate the Medication Adherence Report Scale-5 (MARS-5) as a tool for assessing medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to determine predictors of medication adherence. METHODS One hundred twelve (N = 112) adults with confirmed IBD participating in the longitudinal Manitoba Living With IBD Study were eligible. Demographics, IBD type, surgeries, disease activity (using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptom Inventory and fecal calprotectin levels), perceived stress, and medication use were collected biweekly through online surveys. The MARS-5 scores were obtained at baseline and at 1 year. Correlation between medication monitoring data and MARS-5 scores was performed and the optimal MARS-5 cutoff point for adherence assessment determined. Predictors of medication adherence were assessed at both ≥90% and ≥80%. RESULTS Participants were predominantly female (71.4%), mean age was 42.9 (SD = 12.8), and the majority (67.9%) had Crohn disease (CD). Almost half (46.4%) were taking more than 1 IBD medication, with thiopurines (41.9%) and biologics (36.6%) the most common. Only 17.9% (n = 20) were nonadherent at a 23, respectively. Having CD (OR = 4.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-15.7) was the only significant predictor of adherence. CONCLUSION MARS-5 is a useful measure to evaluate adherence in an IBD population. In this highly adherent sample, disease type (CD) was the only predictor of medication adherence. © 2020 Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Development of multifunctional theranostics is of great significance for cancer management. Herein, we develop polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified cobalt carbide nanoparticles (Co2C-PEG NPs) as cancer photothermal theranostic agents for multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). Co2C NPs are synthesized by a high-temperature thermal decomposition method. Afterwards, the morphology, photothermal effect, multimodal imaging capacities, biocompatibility, and PTT efficacy of Co2C-PEG NPs are carefully investigated. The as-prepared Co2C-PEG NPs exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE, η = 35.7%) and good photostability. Through photoacoustic (PA), magnetic resonance (MR), and photothermal (PT) tri-modal imaging, in vivo pharmacokinetics and tumor temperature elevation could be monitored during the PTT process. Meanwhile, the Co2C-PEG NPs also show good PTT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that Co2C-PEG NPs are effective for cancer photothermal theranostics.With the conventional Haber-Bosch NH3 synthesis in industry requiring harsh pressures and high temperatures, artificial N2 fixation has been long sought after. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) could offer a solution by allowing NH3 production under ambient conditions. In this review, important recent findings on theoretical calculations and experimental exploration on the NRR at room temperature are systematically reviewed. Firstly, we discuss the mechanism of electrochemical heterogeneous catalysis for the NRR. The NRR is a multi-proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) process which implies that in addition to catalyst surface size effects, ligand and strain effects will also significantly influence the binding energy of the adsorbed N atoms, reaction intermediates and product species. Electrocatalysts including metals, metal nitrides, metal oxides and carbon-based materials will also be discussed at length. A linear scaling relationship seems to limit the NRR activity on most metals and metal oxides. Metal nitrides, however, follow the Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism which usually shows a lower potential energy barrier compared to the associative mechanism. Carbon-based materials and some single atom catalysts exhibit improved activity and selectivity due to ligand effects. Thus, electrolytes containing a proton donor might play a crucial role in the NRR. The limiting concentration of proton donors and the rate of proton transport to the active sites might be effective factors in boosting the selectivity of the NRR. Specifically, ionic liquids with high N2 solubility demonstrate much larger faradaic efficiency and would be promising candidates for use in NRR processes. Inspired by the characteristics of PCET, four strategies of electrode engineering were introduced including limiting protons, tuning the electron transport, modifying the electrode structure facilitating mass transport, and completely changing the NRR mechanism inspired by bio-nitrogenase and Li mediated N2 fixation.Self-powered photodetectors have triggered extensive attention in recent years due to the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, low power consumption, high level of integration and wireless operation. To date, most self-powered photodetectors are implemented through the construction of either heterostructures or asymmetric electrode material contact, which are complex to process and costly to produce. Herein, for the first time, we achieved a self-powered operation by adopting a geometrical asymmetry in the device architecture, where a triangular non-layered 2D In2S3 flake with an asymmetric contact is combined with the traditional photogating effect. Importantly, the device achieves excellent photoresponsivity (740 mA W-1), high detectivity (1.56 × 1010 Jones), and fast response time (9/10 ms) under zero bias. Furthermore, the asymmetric In2S3/Si photodetector manifests long-term stability. Even after 1000 cycles of operation, the asymmetric In2S3/Si device displays negligible performance degradation. In sum, the above results highlight a novel route towards self-powered photodetectors with high performance, simple processing and structure in the future.The unique combination of piezoelectric energy harvesters and light detectors progressively strengthens their application in the development of modern electronics. Here, for the first time, we fabricated a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and formamidinium lead bromide nanoparticle (FAPbBr3 NP)-based composite aerogel film (FAPbBr3/PVDF) for harvesting electrical energy and photodetector applications. The uniform distribution of FAPbBr3 NPs in FAPbBr3/PVDF was achieved via the in situ synthesis of FAPbBr3 NPs in the PVDF matrix, which led to the stabilization of the γ-phase. The freeze-drying process induced an interconnected porous architecture in the composite film, making it more sensitive to small mechanical stimuli.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cnqx.html  Owing to this unique fabrication technique, the constructed aerogel film-based nanogenerator (FPNG) exhibited an output voltage and current of ∼26.2 V and ∼2.1 μA, respectively, which were 5-fold higher than that of the nanogenerator with the pure PVDF film. Also, the sensitivity of FPNG upon the irradiation of light was demonstrated by the output voltage reduction of ∼38%, indicating its capability as a light sensing device.