icult, so strict control of the general condition should be performed.
  Current approaches in surgical skills assessment employ virtual reality simulators, motion sensors, and task-specific checklists. Although accurate, these methods may be complex in the interpretation of the generated measures of performance. The aim of this study is to propose an alternative methodology for skills assessment and classification, based on video annotation of laparoscopic tasks.
 
  Two groups of 32 trainees (students and residents) performed two laparoscopic tasks peg transfer (PT) and knot tying (KT). Each task was annotated via a video analysis software based on a vocabulary of eight surgical gestures (surgemes) that denote the elementary gestures required to perform a task. The extracted metrics included duration/counts of each surgeme, penalty events, and counts of sequential surgemes (transitions). Our analysis focused on trainees' skill level comparison and classification using a nearest neighbor approach. The classification was assessed via accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
 
  For PT, almost all metrics showed significant performance difference between the two groups (
   < 0.001). Residents were able to complete the task with fewer, shorter surgemes and fewer penalty events. Moreover, residents performed significantly fewer transitions (
   < 0.05). For KT, residents performed two surgemes in significantly shorter time (
   < 0.05). The metrics derived from the video annotations were also able to recognize the trainees' skill level with 0.71 - 0.86 accuracy, 0.80 - 1.00 sensitivity, and 0.60 - 0.80 specificity.
 
  The proposed technique provides a tool for skills assessment and experience classification of surgical trainees, as well as an intuitive way for describing what and how surgemes are performed.
 The proposed technique provides a tool for skills assessment and experience classification of surgical trainees, as well as an intuitive way for describing what and how surgemes are performed.The Covid-19 pandemic has intensified the debate among optimists, pessimists, and centrists about whether the world economic order is undergoing a fundamental change.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Decitabine.html  While optimists foresee the continuation of economic globalization after the pandemic, pessimists expect localization instead of globalization, given the pandemic's structural negative consequence on the world economy. By contrast, the centrists anticipate a "U-shaped" recovery, where Covid-19 will not kill globalization but slow it down. The three existing perspectives on Covid-19's impact on the economic globalization are not without merit, but they do not take sufficient temporal distance from the ongoing issue. This article suggests employing the historical perspective to expand the time frame by examining the rise and fall of economic globalization before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. The authors argue that economic globalization has been in transition since the 2008 financial crisis, and one important but not exclusive factor to explain this change is the evolving US-China economic relationship, from symbiotic towards increasingly competitive. The economic restructuring in US and China has begun after both countries weathered the 2008 crisis and gained momentum since the outbreak of trade war and Covid-19. The article investigates this trend by distinguishing different types of production activities, and the empirical results confirm that localization and regionalization have been filling the vacuum of economic globalization in retreat in the last decade.Biological control is one of the recommended methods for aflatoxin mitigation. Biocontrol products must be developed, and their efficacy demonstrated before widespread use. Efficacy of two aflatoxin biocontrol products, Aflasafe GH01 and Aflasafe GH02, were evaluated in 800 maize and groundnut farmers' fields during 2015 and 2016 in the Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Northern, Upper East, and Upper West regions of Ghana. Both products were developed after an extensive examination of fungi associated with maize and groundnut in Ghana. Each product contains as active ingredient fungi four Aspergillus flavus isolates belonging to atoxigenic African Aspergillus Vegetative Compatibility Groups (AAVs) widely distributed across Ghana. An untreated field was maintained for each treated field to determine product efficacy. Proportions of atoxigenic AAVs composing each product were assessed in soils before product application, and soils and grains at harvest. Significant (P less then 0.05) displacement of toxigenic fungi occurred in both crops during both years, in all five regions. Biocontrol-treated crops consistently had significantly (P less then 0.05) less aflatoxins (range = 76% to 100% less; average = 99% less) than untreated crops. Results indicate that both biocontrol products are highly efficient, cost-effective, environmentally safe tools for aflatoxin mitigation. Most crops from treated fields could have been sold in both local and international food and feed premium markets. Adoption and use of biocontrol products have the potential to improve the health of Ghanaians, and both income and trade opportunities of farmers, aggregators, distributors, and traders.Traumatic spondylolisthesis of axis or hangman's fracture is the second most common C2 vertebra injury. We present a report of a young man presenting with a history of fall from height with C2 to C3 spondylolisthesis without any evidence of injury to pars interarticularis but with associated injury to capsular ligament of facet joint along with posterior spinous ligamentous injury. The patient underwent intraoperative reduction in listhesis with posterior screw fixation. The patient showed uneventful postoperative course with neurological improvement at 6-week follow-up. Hangman's fracture refers to a diverse group of injury in which the soft tissue injury has an equally important part to play as the bone fracture.Trifluoperazine is a conventional antipsychotic whose use has been limited with the arrival of relatively new atypical antipsychotics. However, conventional antipsychotics are utilized in the management of psychiatric illnesses comorbid with metabolic disorders such as diabetes or dyslipidemia. Though trifluoperazine has been known to cause extrapyramidal symptoms, rarely ophthalmic symptoms manifest. Here, we discuss the rare occurrence of newly-emergent nystagmus in an individual with persistent hallucinatory disorder and comorbid diabetes mellitus treated with trifluoperazine.