Taken together, these results indicate that CUS induce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which directly affects NSC dynamics, monoamines levels and behavioral functions in adult rats.Age-related cognitive impairment is associated with diminished autophagy and progressively increased neuroinflammation. Histone acetylation has been shown to be a key process in sevoflurane-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities. Here, we investigated whether histone acetylation regulates the interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome in models of sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Aged C57BL/6 J mice and cultured primary hippocampal neurons were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 2 h. Hippocampal tissue samples and hippocampal neurons were harvested. The processes of histone acetylation and autophagy and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome were observed using western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, increased histone H3 and H4 acetylation in both the mouse hippocampus and primary neurons. Concomitantly, sevoflurane upregulated components of the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β) by promoting autophagic degradation in the aging brain. Cognitive deficits and inadequate autophagy induced by sevoflurane were reversed and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was inhibited by SAHA. Treatment with 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, eliminated the neuroprotective effects of SAHA on improving cognition in mice, activating autophagy and downregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Based on these results, histone acetylation activates autophagy plays an important role in inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome to protect the host from excessive neuroinflammation and sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in the aging brain.A modulatory role has been reported for the isoflavone, genistein, on voltage-gated Na+ channels in the trigeminal ganglion in vitro. However, the acute effects of genistein in vivo, particularly on nociceptive transmission in the trigeminal system, remain to be determined. The aim of the present study was to examine whether acute local genistein administration to rats attenuates the excitability of wide-dynamic range (WDR) spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons in response to nociceptive and non-nociceptive mechanical stimulation in vivo. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from SpVc WDR neurons in response to orofacial non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimulation of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. The effects of local administration of genistein, lidocaine, and lidocaine with genistein to the receptive field on the discharge frequency of SpVc neurons were evaluated. The mean firing frequency of SpVc WDR neurons in response to both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli was signigeminal nociceptive pain without side effects, thus contributing to the area of complementary and alternative medicines.This study investigated physical proximity and paracrine activity of neurotrophic factor-secreting cells (NTF-SCs) on beta-amyloid treated cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - to-NTF-SCs (Astrocyte -like cells) trans-differentiation was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining of GFAP. BDNF and NGF levels were measured by ELISA. To mimic AD-like condition, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 10 μM Aβ1-42. SH-SY5Y cells were allocated into Control; and Aβ1-42-treated cells. Treated cells were further classified into three subgroups including Aβ1-42 cells, Aβ1-42 cells + NTF-SCs (CM) and Aβ1-42 cells + NTF-SCs co-culture. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory and anti-tau hyperphosphorylation effects of NTF-SCs were assessed via monitoring TNF-α and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein expression level respectively. To explore the impact of NTF-SCs on synaptogenesis and synaptic functionality, real-time PCR assay was performed to measure the expression of synapsine 1, homer 1 and ZIF268. The level of synaptophysin was monitored via immunofluorescence staining. Data showed MSCs potential in trans-differentiating toward NTF-SCs indicated with enhanced GFAP expression (p  less then  0.05). ELISA assay confirmed the superiority of NTF-SCs in releasing NGF and BDNF compared to the MSCs (p  less then  0.05). Aβ significantly induced SH-SY5Y cells death while juxtacrine and paracrine activity of NTF-SCs significantly blunted these conditions (p  less then  0.05). Trans-differentiated cells had potential to reduce Tau hyperphosphorylation and TNF-α level after treatment with Aβ through juxtacrine and paracrine mechanisms (p  less then  0.05). Moreover, NTF-SCs significantly increased the expression rate of synapsin 1, homer 1 and zif 268 genes in Aβ-treated cells compared to matched-control group coincided with induction of synaptophysin at the protein level(p  less then  0.05).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd0166285.html  NTF-SCs reversed AD-like neuropathological alterations in SH-SY5Y cells via paracrine and juxtacrine mechanisms.
  To understand adolescents' experiences and attitudes toward yoga, with a particular focus on acceptability and feasibility of a yoga intervention for depressed adolescents.
 
  Qualitative analysis of data from three focus groups and eight individual interviews, for a total of 22 teen participants.
 
  Outpatient setting in a psychiatric hospital in the U.S.
 
  Teens were asked about their own and their peers' attitudes toward, and experiences with, hatha yoga; reactions to a study-created yoga video; and opinions on class logistics.
 
  Teens had both positive and negative attitudes toward, and experiences with, hatha yoga. They commented on "who does yoga;" many responses suggested a limited group (e.g., moms; people with money and time). Participants agreed that yoga could be potentially beneficial for depressed or stressed teens. Self-consciousness while being in a yoga class was a major concern. Overall, teens reacted favorably to the study-created yoga video. Teens had varied opinions about class logistics including class duration and size.