The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the form of raw sanitary sewage (RS) application in closed-end and level-bottom furrows on the dry matter yield and macronutrient extraction capacity (extraction of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) by the aerial part (stem and leaves) of elephant grass. Fertigation of elephant grass with RS were conducted for 3 uninterrupted years, and the RS application dose was established as a function of the amount of sodium fed to the soil (300 kg ha-1 year-1). In the experimental planning four treatments were established, where two experimental plots received RS and the water demand was complemented by treated water from the public supply network (TW), with and without alternation in the position of RS application in the furrows (TFA and TFN, respectively); and as a control there were two experimental plots in which the plants received conventional mineral fertilization, where the grass was irrigated with TW, with and without alternation in the position of water application in the furrows (TWA and TWN, respectively). The greatest mean dry matter yield (29.9 Mg ha-1 year-1) and mean macronutrient extraction values were found for plants submitted to TFA (688, 102, 508 kg ha-1 year-1 of N, P and K, respectively), compared to those obtained in the other treatments.Recent studies demonstrated a dramatically increased risk of leukemia in patients with a rare genetic disorder, Xeroderma Pigmentosum group C (XP-C), characterized by constitutive deficiency of global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). The genetic mechanisms of non-skin cancers in XP-C patients remain unexplored. In this study, we analyze a unique collection of internal XP-C tumor genomes including 6 leukemias and 2 sarcomas. We observe a specific mutational pattern and an average of 25-fold increase of mutation rates in XP-C versus sporadic leukemia which we presume leads to its elevated incidence and early appearance. We describe a strong mutational asymmetry with respect to transcription and the direction of replication in XP-C tumors suggesting association of mutagenesis with bulky purine DNA lesions of probably endogenous origin. These findings suggest existence of a balance between formation and repair of bulky DNA lesions by GG-NER in human body cells which is disrupted in XP-C patients.Natural killer (NK) cells control viral infection through the interaction between inhibitory receptors and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands and bound peptide. NK cells expressing the inhibitory receptor NKG2A/CD94 recognize and respond to autologous B cells latently infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The mechanism is not yet understood, thus we investigated peptides derived from seven latent proteins of EBV in the interaction of NKG2A and its ligand HLA-E. Functional analysis demonstrated that EBV peptides can bind to HLA-E and block inhibition of NK cell effector function. Moreover, analysis of DNA from 79 subjects showed sequence variations in the latent protein, LMP1, which alters NK responses to EBV. We provide evidence that peptides derived from EBV latent cycle proteins can impair the recognition of NKG2A despite being presented by HLA-E, resulting in NK cell activation.Maize (Zea mays L.)/pea (Pisum sativum L.) strip intercropping is considered a promising cropping system to boost crop productivity. The 3-year (2009-2011) field experiment was conducted at Wuwei, northwest China, with two maize to pea strip width ratios (8080 cm and 12080 cm), each under three N fertilizer rates (0, 90 and 135 kg N ha-1 for pea, and 0, 300, and 450 kg N ha-1 for maize). The results showed that expanding maize to pea strip width ratio from 8080 cm to 12080 cm coupled with a reduction of N fertilizer rate intensified N competition and improved N compensation. The apparent N recovery and N utilization efficiency of intercropped pea with strip width ratio of 12080 cm were increased by 8.0% and 8.9% compared to strip width ratio of 8080 cm. Compared to high N rate, the two indicators of intercropped pea with lowered N rate were increased by 10.0% and 6.0%. For intercropped maize, the two indicators were increased by 6.8% and 5.1%, with strip width ratio of 12080 cm compared to 8080 cm. Also, they were improved by 9.7% and 11.5%, with lowered N rate compared to high N rate. Consequently, the grain yield of pea and maize in the 12080 cm pattern was improved by 11.9% and 7.7% compared to 8080 cm. We concluded that expanding maize to pea strip ratio coupled with N fertilizer reduction can optimize N complementary use.Volume expansion reactions involved in mineral-fluid interactions are linked to a number of geological processes, including silicate weathering, retrograde metamorphism, and mineralization. However, the effect of volume expansion on replacement reactions remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that reactions associated with volume expansion during the replacement of pyrite by chalcopyrite involve two competing processes. The reaction is initially augmented because of the development of reaction-induced fractures in the pyrite. However, these fractures are subsequently filled by compacted products, which ultimately disrupts the contact and interaction between bulk fluids and the pristine pyrite surface. These competing processes indicate that replacement reactions are both augmented and inhibited by volume expansion reactions during pyrite replacement.Here, electro-chemical properties of BN and BP nanocages as anodes in metal-ion batteries are examined. The effect of halogens adoption of BN and BP-NCs on electro-chemical properties of M-IBs are investigated. Results showed that the BP nanocages as anode electrode in M-IBs has higher efficiency than BN nanocages and the K-IB has higher cell voltage than N-IBs. Results indicated that the halogens adoption of BN and BP-NCs are improved the cell voltage of M-IBs. Results proved that the F-doped M-IBs have higher cell voltage than M-IBs. Finally, F-B17P18 as anodes in K-IB is proposed as suitable electrodes.Among the plethora of catalytic methods developed for hydrocarbofunctionalization of olefins to date, reactions that regioselectively install a functionalized alkyl unit at the 2-position of a terminal unactivated C=C bond to afford branched products are scarce. Here, we show that a Ni-based catalyst in conjunction with a stoichiometric reducing agent promote Markovnikov-selective hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes tethered to a recyclable 8-aminoquinaldine directing auxiliary.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/protac-tubulin-degrader-1.html  These mild reductive processes employ readily available primary and secondary haloalkanes as both the hydride and alkyl donor. Reactions of alkenyl amides with ≥ five-carbon chain length regioselectively afforded β-alkylated products through remote hydroalkylation, underscoring the fidelity of the catalytic process and the directing group's capability in stabilizing five-membered nickelacycle intermediates. The operationally simple protocol exhibits exceptional functional group tolerance and is amenable to the synthesis of bioactive molecules as well as regioconvergent transformations.