Future directions for the field include addressing issues related to measurement of cognitive flexibility using a combination of metrics with ecological and construct validity. Heterogeneity of executive function ability in ASD must also be parsed to determine which individuals will benefit most from targeted training to improve flexibility. The influence of pubertal hormones on brain network development and cognitive maturation in adolescents with ASD is another area requiring further exploration. Finally, the intriguing possibility that bilingualism might be associated with preserved cognitive flexibility in ASD should be further examined. Addressing these open questions will be critical for future translational neuroscience investigations of cognitive and behavioral flexibility in adolescents with ASD. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has unfavorably influenced solid organ donation activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on transplantation in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp). This cross-sectional study included all consecutive potential deceased donors proposed in the NITp in 6 weeks after February 21, 2020 (period A) compared to all potential donors during the same time frame of the previous years (period B) and all potential donors 6 weeks before February 20, 2020 (period C). Fifty-eight deceased donors were proposed during period A, 95 were proposed during period B, and 128 were proposed during period C. After the evaluation process, 32 of 58 (55.2%), 60 of 95 (63.2%), and 79 of 128 (61.7%) donors were used for organ donation in periods A, B, and C, respectively (P value = .595). We observed a 47% donation reduction in period A compared to period B and a 60% reduction compared to period C. There was a reduction of 44% and 59% in transplantation comparing period A with period B and period C, respectively. This study showed an important reduction of donations and transplants during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study showed an important reduction of donations and transplants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease that emerged in China in late 2019 and is now spreading around the world. Social distancing measures were needed to reduce transmission, and lockdown included restricted access to health care facilities. The impact of COVID-19 on transplant recipients is unknown, but considering their immunosuppression status and associated comorbidities, they should be considered a high-risk population. A kidney transplant center in Central Italy implemented a strategy to maintain follow-up of kidney transplant recipients by phone and e-mail during lockdown. Telephone interviews were used to administer a clinical questionnaire to patients, and e-mail was used to receive the results of diagnostic tests conducted in outpatient settings. From March 17 to April 23, 2020, a total of 143 kidney transplant recipients were contacted. Twenty-eight patients needed in-hospital consultation for problems unrelated to COVID-19, 3 of whom needed hospitalization. Eleven patients were managed at home for mild urinary or respiratory diseases, and 1 was referred to the hematologist. We identified 2 suspected cases of COVID-19 infection, and the patients were referred to hospital care. Immunosuppressive therapy was modulated, and intravenous corticosteroids and potentially effective antiviral therapy were administered with a favorable outcome. In the context of a lockdown, such as that occurring in response to COVID-19, we suggest implementing remote surveillance programs in kidney transplant recipients with the help of any available technology and offering medical consulting and logistic support as needed. In the context of a lockdown, such as that occurring in response to COVID-19, we suggest implementing remote surveillance programs in kidney transplant recipients with the help of any available technology and offering medical consulting and logistic support as needed. The availability and utility of public statements and policies on gender equity from professional surgical societies has not been studied. Professional surgical society websites were searched for publicly available statements and policies related to gender equity. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ITF2357(Givinostat).html These were compiled and assessed for critical components. Publicly available statements/policies were published in every surgical society, though few pertained specifically to gender. Nearly all were recently written or revised. The most common statement/policy addressed discrimination and harassment. The only policies/statements that reliably contained all four key components pertained to professional conduct at national meetings. All policies that provided consequences also contained specific reporting processes. Gender equity statements and policies are deficient among professional surgical societies. Prioritization of publicizing statements/policies that describe the challenges and provide potential solutions to well-documented gender inequities within surgical fields allows professional societies to promote a diverse and equitable workforce. Gender equity statements and policies are deficient among professional surgical societies. Prioritization of publicizing statements/policies that describe the challenges and provide potential solutions to well-documented gender inequities within surgical fields allows professional societies to promote a diverse and equitable workforce. Review of our institutional National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) data found higher rate of Venous Thromboembolic Events (VTE) (2.5% vs. 1.1%). Compared to the national benchmark. Our goal was to identify opportunities for quality improvement. We compared NSQIP general surgery data from January 2015-December 2016 (period 1) to January 2017-December 2018 (period 2). A multidisciplinary committee was developed and patient centered education implemented to enhance VTE compliance. Over 50% of all the patients who developed VTE were non-compliant with chemical prophylaxis. The majority of non-compliance was due to pain. During period 1 there were 12 VTEs in 482 cases, while in period two, 18 VTEs in 2347 cases (2.5% vs. 0.8%; RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.7, p<0.001). Missed chemical prophylaxis decreased from 50 to 17 per week after the intervention. A multidisciplinary, patient centered approach to increase VTE prevention decreases VTE rates to below a comparable benchmark. A multidisciplinary, patient centered approach to increase VTE prevention decreases VTE rates to below a comparable benchmark.