Lower proportions of n-3 PUFAs have been observed in neonates born to diabetic mothers. We aimed to investigate the association between DHA and EPA supplementation during pregnancy complicated with type 1 diabetes on concentration and proportion of fatty acids in maternal and foetal blood.
 
  We conducted a prospective randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 111 eligible pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and presented the results of 84 (intervention arm and control arm comprised 42 participants each) of them who successfully finished the trial in an academic hospital. The initiation of EPA and DHA supplementation or placebo started at randomization visit on gestational week 11-12. Blood samples were taken on the first (screening) visit to the clinic (1st trimester, between 8th and 10th gestational week, GW), then in the second trimester (19-24th GW) and third trimester (30th-33rd GW). On the delivery day, a blood sample was taken on fasting just before birth. The umbilical vein blood samplee effect of supplementation with EPA and DHA.Introduction The search for an ideal biomarker for migraine has persisted for a long time. There is plentiful evidence of potential biomarkers for migraine found in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and saliva.Areas covered Herein, the authors highlight and discuss the most promising candidates in the literature. An electronic search was performed for studies published between 2010 and 2020 in MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, related to potential biomarkers in migraine patients, found in cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and serum, focusing on biomarkers that can be related to treatment and clinical outcomes.Expert opinion An ideal biomarker, or a panel of biomarkers, could revolutionize the way we address and propose treatments for this disease.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bicuculline.html  Once severe presentations and phenotypes have been identified using a reliable biomarker, patients could be treated at earlier disease stages with more specific medications. The most important biomarkers with the most significant levels of evidence comprised calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), glutamate, nerve growth factor, some inflammatory (CRP, TNF-α, interleukins) and oxidative stress markers. CGRP was associated with episodic, chronic migraine and response to treatment. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is an emerging neuropeptide involved in migraine diagnostics and severity. New genetic and epigenetic biomarkers will be candidates for future research.
  Preeclampsia and hypothyroidism are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Iodine deficiency is a risk factor for subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between iodine nutrition state in pregnancy, the degree of endothelial dysfunction, and the risk of preeclampsia.
 
  Ninety-five normotensive pregnant women, 50 women with preeclampsia with no severe features, and 50 women with severe preeclampsia were enrolled into the current study from the maternity units of Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and Mthatha Regional Hospitals in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum markers of thyroid function, aortic augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were compared.
 
  Median UIC was 167.5, 127.7, and 88.5 µg/L, respectively for normotensive pregnant women, those with preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia (
   = .150). Participants with severe preeclampsia had significantly higher median thyroid-stimulating hormonencreased TSH levels and indirectly caused endothelial dysfunction.Understanding pet ownership in a community is an important factor for assessing the effectiveness of animal welfare programming. Data on pet ownership were collected from 2,327 households in two urban and two rural zip codes. The percentage of households owning pets and the species owned were calculated for the individual communities, the urban and rural pairs, and the aggregate data. Findings were compared to the 2017-2018 AVMA Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebook data. The rural communities had an 11.5% higher rate of overall pet keeping and a 19% higher dog ownership rate than the urban communities, but the measured cat ownership rate was similar in all four sites at an average of 19.4% (SD = 2.1%). The community-specific rates of pet ownership were different (p less then .0001) than the rates predicted fromthe AVMA-recommended formula, but at 56.8%, the aggregate pet-keeping rate was exactly the same as that calculated by the AVMA. The findings reveal community-level variability in pet-keeping rates that must be accounted for when assessing pet service, emergency planning, and animal welfare programming needs.The use of acronyms to name clinical trials, some of which might be manipulative or even coercive, is increasingly popular yet controversial. We aimed to evaluate whether trial acronyms are associated with appealing linguistic cues born of marketing psychology using trade names of perfumes. The proportion of trials (730 clinical trials) titled with an acronym was 61%. Among acronym-named trials, 70% have matching trade names of perfumes, i.e., - alluring names. Industry-sponsored trials were more likely to use acronyms (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.15-2.26; p = 0.006) and alluring acronyms (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.61-4.12; p less then 0.001). During the period from 2000 to 2020, the proportion of alluring trials increased both for industry and academic funding, from 50% to 77% and from 0% to 57% , respectively. Also, trials with alluring acronyms were cited more often (relative rate of citation, 1.37; 95% CI 1.13-1.66; p = 0.001). The growing use of acronyms coincides with a noticeable increase in manipulative names. Through overt or subliminal enticement, inspirational acronyms that downplay the risks or raise expectations to patients with life-threatening illnesses, may exert undue influence. The observed relationship between manipulative acronyms and sponsorship by the pharmaceutical industry enhances this concern.IntroductionThe pharmacological action of a drug is linked to its affinity for a specific molecular target as quantified by in vitro equilibrium measurements. However, it is clear that for many highly effective drugs, interactions with their molecular targets do not conform to simple, equilibrium conditions in vivo and this results in a temporal discordance between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The drug-target residence time model was developed to provide a theoretical framework with which to understand cases in which very slow dissociation of the drug-target complex in vivo results in durable PD effects even after systemic concentrations of drug have waned.Area coveredIn this article, the author provides a brief description of the drug-target residence time model and focuses on the refinements that have been made to the original model to incorporate the influences of compound rebinding in cells and pharmacokinetic properties of drug molecules.Expert opinionThere is now overwhelming evidence for the utility of the drug-target residence time model as a framework for understanding in vivo drug action.