It is found MSO shows similar plasticization effect on TR compared with AO. More important, the aging resistance property and wear resistance property of MSO-6% plasticized rubber are better than those of AO-plasticized rubber. Therefore, MSO-6% is a promising bio-based plasticizer for tire tread rubber.The concentration of a protein is highly related to its biochemical properties, and is a key determinant for its biotechnological applications. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are structurally diverse macromolecules that are capable of binding to embryonic ice crystals below 0 °C, making them useful as protectants of ice-block formation. In this study, we examined the maximal solubility of native AFP I-III and AFGP with distilled water, and evaluated concentration dependence of their ice-binding property. Approximately 400 mg/mL (AFP I), 200 mg/mL (AFP II), 100 mg/mL (AFP III), and >1800 mg/mL (AFGP) of the maximal solubility were estimated, and among them AFGP's solubility is much higher compared with that of ordinary proteins, such as serum albumin (~500 mg/mL). The samples also exhibited unexpectedly high thermal hysteresis values (2-3 °C) at 50-200 mg/mL. Furthermore, the analysis of fluorescence-based ice plane affinity showed that AFP II binds to multiple ice planes in a concentration-dependent manner, for which an oligomerization mechanism was hypothesized. The difference of concentration dependence between AFPs and AFGPs may provide a new clue to help us understand the ice-binding function of these proteins.Black carrots are characterized by a significant amount of anthocyanins, which are not only a good source of natural food colorant, but can also provide many health benefits to humans. In the present work, taproots of different carrot genotypes were used to identify the candidate genes related to anthocyanin synthesis, with particular a focus on R2R3MYB, bHLH transcription factors, and glutathione S-transferase gene (GST). The RNA-sequencing analysis (RNA-Seq) showed that DcMYB6 and DcMYB7 had a genotypic dependent expression and they are likely involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. They were specifically upregulated in solid black taproots, including both black phloem and xylem. DcbHLH3 (LOC108204485) was upregulated in all black samples compared with the orange ones. We also found that GST1 (LOC108205254) might be an important anthocyanin transporter, and its upregulated expression resulted in the increasing of vacuolar anthocyanin accumulation in black samples. Moreover, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to identify the individual anthocyanin in the purple tissues of two carrot cultivars. The results showed that five main anthocyanin compounds and the most abundant anthocyanin were the same in different tissues, while the second-highest anthocyanin between three tissues was different, even in the same cultivar. In conclusion, this study combined anthocyanin profiles and comparative transcriptomic analysis to identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in carrots, thus providing a better foundation for improving anthocyanin accumulation in carrots as a source of colorants.A polyurethane-based rubber-modified layer within a road superstructure leads to absorption of traffic emissions. Noise emissions have quite a negative effect on society, as they lead to high stress levels and health risks for people. Therefore, constructional methods of noise-reducing road layers have been developed before. This research paper focuses on the questions whether the existing noise-reducing road constructions, which have a low durability, can be optimized in terms of a longer duration while simultaneously maintaining the noise-reducing effects. Within this research, a large parametric study contributed to an optimal solution of a noise-reducing and durable layer. We found that noise absorption is mainly dependent of the void content of the pavement and its flexibility. Also, a result is that the durability of a road layer is based on the properties of the binder as well as the composition of the mixture, i.e., the grading curve. As we used polyurethane binders within our mixtures, which have a low dependency on regular environmental temperatures after their complete chemical reaction, we can imply a low temperature dependence of the entire polyurethane asphalt mixture.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/valproic-acid.html  Based on these results, the construction of a noise-reducing and durable road layer is a great solution. The application of such road layers leads to lower traffic emissions at major hotspots. These might be urban highways, where the infrastructure is too tight to build noise barriers, enclosures or tunnels.Since waste tires constitute a serious environmental concern, several studies are devoted to the use of finely divided recycled rubber for the production of rubberized concrete by partial substitution of the mineral aggregate fraction. The introduction of rubber into concrete presents several advantages (e.g., improvement of toughness and thermal/electrical/acoustic insulation capacities). Unfortunately, the addition of a high content of rubber into concrete causes an important loss of mechanical resistance of the final composite. In this context, several scientific studies are devoted to investigate the best technical solutions for favoring the interfacial adhesion between rubber and cement paste, but the interpretation of the literature is often misleading. To overcome this issue, the metadata extrapolated from the single scientific works were critically re-analyzed, forming reference diagrams where the variability fields of the different rubber concrete formulations (in terms of mechanical responses as a function of the rubber content) were defined and the best performances discussed. This study evidenced the twofold role of reference diagrams, able in both presenting the data in an unambiguous manner (for a successful comparison) and providing the guidelines for future works in this research field.In this paper, the authors have focused on shear-induced particle migration (SIPM), its effect on concrete flow patterns, and lubricating layer formation during pumping. For this purpose, various volume-fractions ϕ of aggregates were selected. The particle migration was analyzed by applying two methods sampling hardened concrete exposed to pumping and performing X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) and image analysis to determine the thickness of the lubricating layer due to SIPM. The results indicate that the first approach is unsuitable due to the nearly equal molecular density of particles and matrix. The second approach indicated that the actual thickness of the lubricating layer depends on the discharge rate as well as on ϕ and viscosity of concrete bulk; hence, it cannot be defined as a constant parameter for all concrete mixtures. Additionally, the concrete pipe-flow pattern, i.e., plug versus shear flow, was captured and studied while considering pumping pressure and discharge rate. It was concluded that particle migration is essential in the cases of both flowable and very flowable concretes with a high volume-fraction of solids.