od industry. Increased energy efficiency of the building stock is one of the main tools to reduce climate change. Improved airtightness of the building envelope has a side effect - the need for higher ventilation rates which, in turn, lead to a higher energy bill and reduced indoor air quality. This creates an energy efficiency - indoor air quality dilemma. This study evaluates the dilemma impact on the gross domestic product (GDP). System dynamics modelling is applied to answer this question. The education system and labour market of Latvia is used as the case study. Simulation results show that even if all education buildings in Latvia have improved energy efficiency performance and have a significant reduction of outdoor CO2 level, indoor CO2 is very high if no mechanical ventilation is used. The best solution is to increase energy efficiency while providing good indoor air quality by operating mechanical ventilation since the increase in GDP provides financial sources for further energy efficiency measures. Cobalt-based Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have shown a great potential for radical production by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). However, improve the stability of ZIFs in the reaction remains a significant challenge. In this work, ZIF-67 was synthesized and protected by coating with a layer of silica, furthermore, the yolk-shell ZIFs@SiO2 was carbonized under inner gas to obtain the Co containing carbon. When the above samples were applied for catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in the presence of PMS, both of them shows similar performance, with higher RhB removal efficiency and stability than that of pure ZIF-67.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rg-7112.html  Additionally, factors affecting the PMS activation such as catalyst and PMS dosage and solution pH were also investigated. Radical quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) revealed that 1O2 was the dominant active species involving in the degradation process. Finally, the reusability of the catalysts was studied and the spent catalysts were analyzed. Overall, the results provide insights into synthesis of yolk-shell ZIFs@SiO2 catalyst with enhanced performance for the degradation of organic pollutants from effluent. Theophylline is still one of the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of asthma and COPD in developing countries because the majority of asthma and COPD medicines are largely unavailable and also because it is a cheap option. In any case, its anti-inflammatory effects and capacity to reverse corticosteroid resistance deserve consideration, but it can induce numerous side effects and drug-drug interactions and frequently requires measurement of drug levels in plasma. In order to overcome the problems posed by theophylline, other xanthines have been developed. Doxofylline is a newer generation xanthine with both bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory activities and for this reason it has been called "novofylline". It differs substantially from theophylline at the pharmacological level. Clinical studies have shown substantial differences between doxofylline and theophylline. In particular, efficacy/safety profile of doxofylline is better than that of theophylline. Pulmonary hypertension associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an important yet under-recognized condition and can lead to life-threatening complications. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is peculiar in ESRD, and understanding it is important to recognize such patients at the earliest and commence appropriate treatment. Many studies have discovered the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension to be up to 80% in ESRD and have been associated with increased mortality. WHO has classified pulmonary hypertension in renal failure to be in group 5, a group defined by unclear multifactorial etiologies. Moreover, there is an improvement with renal transplant and closure of AV fistula, thus confirming the contribution from these. The pharmacological management of pulmonary hypertension in this unique population is not very different from other etiologies. However, one should understand that pulmonary hypertension as such, could be multifactorial, and other secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension should also be recognized and treated accordingly. In this article, we will discuss the concept of pulmonary hypertension in ESRD in detail and the options of treatment. Non-adherence to treatment regimens in asthma is well described, however less is known about temporal patterns of medication use. We monitored 20 weeks of controller medication use and analyzed these patterns in patients ≥4 years of age with self-reported asthma enrolled in a digital health program. At baseline, approximately 20%, 28%, 25% and 27% of patients had optimal, moderate, sub-optimal and poor adherence, respectively. Medication adherence decreased in all groups in this study. The largest absolute decreases in adherence (-32%) were observed for moderately adherent patients. Certain adherence patterns which demonstrated greater declines, that, once identified, could be intervened upon. Outcome recognition is a crucial step in the management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTM-LD). In order to explore NTM-LD outcomes in a real-life setting, an observational, retrospective study enrolling consecutive adults who received treatment for NTM-LD in Milan, Italy, from 2007 to 2017 was conducted. Among 170 patients (68.2% females; median age 68 years), NTM-LD was mainly due to M. avium complex (MAC) (71.2%), M. kansasii (9.4%) and M. xenopi (7.1%). Along a median follow-up of 31 months, adverse events occurred in 37.6% of the patients. Treatment outcomes of the entire study population included an unsuccessful outcome in 35.3% of the patients, including treatment halted in 13.5%, recurrence in 11.2%, re-infection in 5.3%, treatment failure in 4.1% and relapse in 1.2%. The main reason for treatment halted was drug intolerance. No differences were detected between patients with MAC-LD vs. those with other NTM-LD in terms of unsuccessful outcome in general (35.5% vs. 34.7%). A significantly higher prevalence of patients who underwent treatment halted was found in patients with NTM-LD other than MAC in comparison to patients with MAC-LD (22.4% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.030). One third of adults undergoing treatment for a NTM-LD experiences an unsuccessful outcome with adverse events and treatment discontinuation being major challenges in patients' management.