Paragonimiasis or lung fluke disease is a typical food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with . https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vt103.html The is a trematode that mainly infects the lungs of humans after eating an infected raw or undercooked crab or crayfish. Herein we report a case of peritoneal Paragonimiasis in the gallbladder of a 58-year-old female from Rukum district of Nepal. It was an incidental diagnosis following routine histopathological examination of the cholecystectomy specimen. She presented with the symptoms of abdominal pain, fever, cough, and had a history of consumption of partially cooked river crabs. She responded well to praziquantel and improved thereafter. Ectopic paragonimiasis is a rare disease and it presents with few clinical symptoms so it is significantly difficult to make a diagnosis and treat the patients. Even if a sputum test and biopsy are performed, the ova or body of parasites may not be detectable due to insufficient amount of specimens. Therefore, thorough history taking should be given importance. The dietary history of partially cooked crab or crayfish should indicate towards a high suspicion of Paragonimiasis. Any such indication should be immediately confirmed, which in our case was done by routine histopathological examination of the cholecystectomy specimen. We report the case of a patient with peritoneal paragonimiasis in the gallbladder. Ectopic paragonimiasis is hard to diagnose due to an ignorance of, misdiagnosis, and the rarity of this disease. Thus, thorough history-taking and clinical suspicion of parasitic infection is essential. We report the case of a patient with peritoneal paragonimiasis in the gallbladder. Ectopic paragonimiasis is hard to diagnose due to an ignorance of, misdiagnosis, and the rarity of this disease. Thus, thorough history-taking and clinical suspicion of parasitic infection is essential. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a tumour with a very low incidence in the Western world, characterised by a high risk of malignant transformation and unknown prognosis. It is a new entity which was adopted by the WHO in 2010 as a precursor lesion of cholangiocarcinoma. Intrahepatic bile duct is the most common site of origin for IPNB. Hereby, we present a case of an asymptomatic 63- year-old man, referred to our department after routine ultrasonography showing a multifocal cystic lesion on the left hepatic lobe. Further screening modalities (CT, MRI abdo) confirmed a complex cystic liver lesion with atypical features. The patient underwent left hepatectomy. Histopathology showed a cystic type intrahepatic IPNB, which was completely resected (R0). The follow up in 2 yrs post-operation showed no signs of recurrence. The diagnosis and management of IPNB remain challenging. A multimodality imaging approach is essential in order to diagnose IPNB, assess tumour location and extent and plan the optimal treatment strategy. Complete surgical resection (R0) with close postoperative follow-up offers long-term survival. Complete surgical resection (R0) with close postoperative follow-up offers long-term survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard form of treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. Chemoresistence is a problem that limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed to choose the appropriate chemotherapy to the right patient. The role of NF-кb expression as a predictive biomarker of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response needs to be investigated in patients with locally advanced breast cancer who are treated with a regimen of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5FU (CAF). This observational study used the prospective cohort method to examine 62 samples. CAF was administered at 3-week intervals for 3 cycles of chemotherapy. The data utilized in this study include the positive and negative expression of NF-κB, ER, and HER2 overexpression. The cases were divided into groups that were responsive and non-responsive to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The average age in the youngest group was 26 years, and that in the oldest was 66 years. The highest age group was sustatus, and HER2 have a significant relationship with the response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for local advanced breast cancer, and NF-κB expression has the most significant relationship with the chemotherapy response. Therefore, NF-κB expression should be considered as a predictive biomarker for the response to CAF regimens. An infection of an abdominal wall prosthesis can be a real disaster for the patient. A conservative treatment might be an option if biological or slowly resorbable synthetic meshes were used. However, adequate research of their use in contaminated and dirty wounds lacks. Herein we report the case of a 69-year-old patient with a heavily infected poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh that was successfully treated conservatively. Despite promising results of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate meshes, their use remains controversial and studies in contaminated wounds are scarce. Our case report shows the potential benefits of a poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh in a very high-risk patient with active infection. Our case report shows the potential benefits of a poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh in a very high-risk patient with active infection.This paper presents the case of an 18-year-old woman in the 31st week of pregnancy complaining for 8 months a several episodes of vomiting and headache the neurological examination revealed muscle power was 3/5 on left side. The cerebral MRI revealed an intracranial hydatid cyst. The cyst was surgically removed under general anesthesia and put it on albendazole, the diagnosis has been confirmed by the histopathological examination. The patient gave a healthy baby 1 month later without any incident. No primary focus was found in the lungs, liver, or other organs. Primary cerebral hydatid cyst during pregnancy can be successfully treated by surgical and medical intervention, vomiting in a pregnant woman should be investigated to rule out other differential diagnosis. The main purpose of this study was to review the trends in management of patients presenting with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) over the last seven years and its effect on morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients presenting with the diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis to the Aga Khan University Hospital in between the year 2008-2015. The study population was broadly categorized in to two groups based on the way these were managed. The first group consisted of patient who underwent surgery for acute necrotizing pancreatitis while the second group was composed of those patients with necrotizing pancreatitis who were conservatively managed. Patient outcomes were assessed in terms of hospital stay, complication rates and in-hospital mortality. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Comparison of outcomes between two groups was done using chi-square test, Fischer exact test or -test wherever applicable. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.