Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease characterized by the proliferation of Langerhans cells. Most cases of LCH occur in children, although it can be seen in adults as well. We encountered an adult case of LCH. A 44-year-old woman who was diagnosed as diabetes insipidus underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head which revealed sellar and suprasellar gadolinium-enhanced mass. Prolactin level was high and cabergoline was prescribed. The size of this mass had reduced, so we supposed the tumor was prolactinoma. However, after 4 years of observation, it had increased once again. The biopsy of pituitary stalk lesion was performed via transcranial approach. The histological diagnosis was initially gangliocytoma. The patient complained of back pain after surgery. Three months after the biopsy, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple osteolytic lesions throughout the entire body. One of the osteolytic lesions of the skull was removed to determine the diagnosis. The pathological examination of the skull led to a diagnosis of LCH. We concluded retrospectively that the lesion of the pituitary stalk was LCH mimicking gangliocytoma though classical pathological findings were not obtained. In conclusion, LCH should be considered as a differential diagnosis in adult cases of diabetes insipidus with hypothalamic-pituitary lesion.Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) accounts for only 1% of all strokes, and cerebral infarction resulting from tumor emboli has been infrequently demonstrated; therefore, few reports described BAO due to tumor embolus and its treatment experience. We report here an 83-year-old man with an acute BAO caused by embolized lung tumor invading right pulmonary vein that was revealed as metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent rapid recanalization through acute thrombectomy with a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) with Penumbra catheter. Successful recanalization was achieved in reperfusion grade of thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 2b, and the embolus revealed a highly elastic hard tumorous mass of which texture was too tough to be caught by stent retriever. Immunohistopathologic examination of the embolus revealed adenocaricinoma of the prostate. In spite of that the recanalization was obtained, the patient died of the brain stem infarction after 7 days from the onset. We experienced a rare case of acute BAO caused by embolized prostate cancer metastasizing lung and invading pulmonary vein. When we face to patients with lung tumor invading pulmonary vein, tumor embolus should have been strongly considered and aspiration thrombectomy may be safer and more effective for the condition because of the difficulty of predicting an embolus's texture before treatment.We describe a rare case of an anterolaterally projecting clinoid segment aneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) causing oculomotor palsy. A 76-year-old woman was referred to our facility because of right oculomotor palsy that had been found just before surgery to remove bilateral cataracts. Neuroimaging revealed that the patient had an aneurysm at the clinoid segment that projected anterolaterally, eroding the anterior clinoid process. The aneurysm was thought to be compressing the oculomotor nerve, which runs at the upper part of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, thereby causing oculomotor palsy. Endovascular coiling of the aneurysm was successfully performed, and the oculomotor palsy was alleviated postoperatively. Anatomically, there exists the carotid collar between the arterial wall of the clinoid segment and the anterior clinoid process, containing the clinoid venous plexus in it. Hence, the anterolateral wall of the clinoid segment, although protected by a stiff bony structure, has an anatomical base that allows it to protrude centrifugally. Once protrusion occurs, the bone may be eroded by remodeling caused by the aneurysm's pulsed beating.Ischemic stroke associated with intracranial aneurysm is rare but potentially happens because of emboli originating from aneurysm sac or aneurysmal thrombosis extension to the parent artery. We describe two patients who present subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) soon after ischemic stroke. Case 1. A 51-year-old woman with a history of multiple endovascular therapy for ruptured basilar top aneurysm presented with double vision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed infarcts in the right thalamus and left occipital cortex. Four days after ischemic stroke, she suffered from sudden onset headache, computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse SAH with intraventricular hemorrhage. Case 2. A 62-year-old man presented with right facial palsy and sensory disorder. MRI revealed an infarct in the left pons.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html  Four days after ischemic stroke, he became comatose and CT showed diffuse SAH. Both cases develop ischemic stroke adjacent to the aneurysms and subsequently cause devasting aneurysm rupture, suggesting ischemic stroke as a warning sign of aneurysm rupture. In such cases, early treatment of the aneurysm should be considered.Pineal glial cysts associated with bilateral hearing impairment are very rare. Here, we present the case of a 13-year-old boy with a pineal cyst, which caused severe bilateral hearing impairment persisting from 6 years of age. When the patient was 6 years old, the bilateral hearing acuity was about 40 dB on audiometry. Upon admission to our otolaryngology department, his audiogram revealed a bilateral worsening of the hearing acuity (80 dB). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an abnormal pineal cyst with tectal compression from the left with hardly normal bilateral brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). We obtained informed consent for exploratory surgery and employed the right occipital transtentorial approach for pineal cyst removal. Based on histological examination, we diagnosed a glial cyst of the pineal gland. At 12 months postoperatively, the patient's hearing improved, showing a bilateral hearing acuity of 40 dB on audiometry. Since the auditory pathway has both crossed and uncrossed fibers at the upper pons and midbrain level, compression at the lateral lemniscus or inferior colliculus level can cause bilateral hearing impairment. In the present case, there was a possible slow pineal cyst growth that eventually compressed the upper pons to the midbrain, lateral lemniscuses, or inferior colliculi from the left side, this eventually led to bilateral hearing impairment. These findings indicate that surgery can improve hearing acuity in patients with a pineal cyst associated with progressive hearing impairment.