Mornings were the most challenging time of day for adherence to diabetes self-management among adolescents with T1D. Intentional insulin withholding was more common in the afternoon in adults with T1D.
 
  EMA has potential clinical utility in the assessment of diabetes self-management and in the development of timely and individualized diabetes interventions.
 EMA has potential clinical utility in the assessment of diabetes self-management and in the development of timely and individualized diabetes interventions.
  Urbanisation has been linked with an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus, dramatically worsening the healthcare system's financial burden. Environmental influences are emerging among the causing factors of the urban diabetes epidemic. We evaluated the relationship between air pollution and the prevalence of diabetes in the Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Milan, comprising more than 3,4 million citizens.
 
  The prevalence of diabetes in the resident population and the mean annual air concentrations of PM10 and NO2 were retrieved from the municipal Agency for Health Protection and the regional Agency for Ambient Protection datasets. Two linear regression models were estimated to inspect the relationships between the (logit-based transformed) diabetes prevalence and air pollution concentrations, namely (i) PM10, and (ii) NO2. Both models were adjusted for five control variables, including the qualitative variable year (2011-2018).
 
  Both models highlight a statistically significant positive relationship between air pollutants and diabetes prevalence.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/acetylcysteine.html  An increase of one PM10 or NO2 concentrations' unit translates into a rise of 0.81% or 0.41% in diabetes prevalence, respectively.
 
  Our results contribute to the ongoing research regarding health outcomes of urbanisation dynamics and should be considered in city planning policies.
 Our results contribute to the ongoing research regarding health outcomes of urbanisation dynamics and should be considered in city planning policies.
  To investigate the therapeutic effect of continuous diffusion of oxygen (CDO) combined with traditional moist wound dressing (MWD) on the diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) inpatients.
 
  The inpatients from May 2016 to April 2018 were enrolled and randomly divided into MWD, CDO and combination treatment groups (n=40 each group). The moist dressing was used in the MWD group while a micro-oxygen supply device was used in the CDO group. The combination treatment group was given both MWD and CDO. All patients were treated for 8weeks. The wound healing, amputation rate, and inflammatory control were evaluated.
 
  Compared with MWD and CDO groups, the combination group showed a higher wound healing rate (P<0.05), lower white blood cell count (P<0.05) and lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (P<0.05). During 1-year follow-up, the amputation rate was 0% in combination group, which was significantly lower than that in other two groups (P<0.05).
 
  The combination of MWD and CDO was effective in promoting healing and preventing infection of DFUs, which holds a potential to be a new strategy for the treatment of this critical clinical condition.
 The combination of MWD and CDO was effective in promoting healing and preventing infection of DFUs, which holds a potential to be a new strategy for the treatment of this critical clinical condition.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus that can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly if it is diagnosed late and not treated appropriately. The management of DKA includes careful clinical evaluation, correction of metabolic abnormalities with intravenous fluids, insulin and electrolyte replacement with frequent monitoring of the patients' clinical and laboratory findings and also identification and treatment of the precipitating condition. There are special populations where features, management and outcome may differ from the usual patient with diabetes. Data on management of DKA in such special populations such as chronic kidney disease and pregnancy are sparse and recommendations are based mainly on small case series and expert opinion. Clinicians need to recognize and manage euglycaemic DKA in patients prescribed sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors. DKA is particularly a major health concern due to high rates of hospital admissions and mortality in resource-limited settings due to financial constraints, limiting the adequate provision of insulin and access to health care systems, and dysfunctional health systems. We review the challenges of diagnosis and management of DKA in these specific groups and provide recommendations on optimal patient care.
  To describe associations between incentivised primary care clinical and process indicators and mortality, among patients with type 2 diabetes in England.
 
  A historical 2010-2017 cohort (n=84,441 adults) was derived from the UK CPRD. Exposures included English Quality and Outcomes Framework glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; 7.5%, 59mmol/mol), blood pressure (140/80mmHg), and cholesterol (5mmol/L) indicator attainment; and number of National Diabetes Audit care processes completed, in 2010-11. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.
 
  Over median 3.9 (SD 2.0) years follow-up, 10,711 deaths occurred. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) indicated 12% (95% CI 8-16%; p<0.0001) and 16% (11-20%; p<0.0001) lower mortality rates among those who attained the HbA1c and cholesterol indicators, respectively. Rates were also lower among those who completed 7-9 vs. 0-3 or 4-6 care processes (aHRs 0.76 (0.71-0.82), p<0.0001 and 0.61 (0.53-0.71), p<0.0001, respectively), but did not obviously vary by blood pressure indicator attainment (aHR 1.04, 1.00-1.08; p=0.0811).
 
  Cholesterol, HbA1c and comprehensive process indicator attainment, was associated with enhanced survival. Review of community-based care provision could help reduce the gap between indicator standards and current outcomes, and in turn enhance life expectancy.
 Cholesterol, HbA1c and comprehensive process indicator attainment, was associated with enhanced survival. Review of community-based care provision could help reduce the gap between indicator standards and current outcomes, and in turn enhance life expectancy.