Further intersectional analysis of phenotype-associated and drug-associated lncRNA-mRNA networks and subnetworks assisted in identifying 16 hub lncRNAs as potential targets of anti-depression/anxiety drugs. Collectively, our study established the molecular basis for understanding the similarities and differences in pathophysiological mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression or anxiety and stress resiliency, revealing several important lncRNAs that represent potentially new therapeutic drug targets for depression and anxiety disorders.Models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that the hippocampus is key to the persistence of traumatic memory. Yet very little is known about the precise changes that take place in this structure, nor their relation with PTSD symptoms. Previous studies have mostly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low resolutions, making it impossible to identify sensitive anatomical landmarks, or compared groups often unequally matched in terms of traumatic exposure. The present cross-sectional study included 92 individuals who had all been exposed to the terrorist attacks in Paris on November 13, 2015 (53 of whom subsequently developed PTSD) and 56 individuals who had not been exposed. Hippocampal subfield volumes were estimated using cross-validated automatic segmentation of high-resolution MRI images. Results revealed changes in CA1 and CA2-3/dentate gyrus (DG) volumes in individuals with PTSD, but not in resilient (i.e., exposed but without PTSD) individuals, after controlling for potential nuisance variables such as previous traumatic exposure and substance abuse. In line with current models of hippocampal subfield functions, CA1 changes were linked to the uncontrollable re-experiencing of intrusive memories, while CA2-3/DG changes, potentially exacerbated by comorbid depression, fostered the overgeneralization of fear linked to avoidance and hypervigilance behaviors. Additional analyses revealed that CA1 integrity was linked to optimum functioning of the memory control network in resilient individuals. These findings shed new light on potential pathophysiological mechanisms in the hippocampus subtending the development of PTSD and the failure to recover from trauma.
  Denosumab reduces bone resorption and improves bone mineral density (BMD). Studies have analyzed subsequent treatment transitioning from bisphosphonates to denosumab based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning (DXA). Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can help assess cortical and trabecular bones separately in three dimensions without the interference of the surrounding osteophytes.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/selonsertib-gs-4997.html  In the present study, we analyzed the subsequent treatment transition from bisphosphonates to denosumab using QCT.
 
  Thirty-two patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis to be treated with denosumab were recruited. The patients were divided into two groups (15 prior bisphosphonate and 17 naïve) based on their previous treatment. BMD of the lumbar spine and hip were evaluated by DXA and QCT at baseline and 12months following denosumab treatment.
 
  The percentage change in volumetric BMD assessed by QCT at 12months significantly improved in the naïve group compared with that in the prior bisphosphonate group. The regionequent treatment and permits greater confidence when switching to denosumab from bisphosphonates.In health care, vertical integration - common ownership of producers of complementary services - may have both pro- and anti-competitive effects. We use data on 40 million commercially-insured individuals from the Health Care Cost Institute to construct price indices for office visits to general-practice and specialist physicians for the years 2008-2012. Controlling for generalist market concentration, we find that generalists charge higher prices when they are integrated with specialists, and that the effect of integration is larger in more concentrated specialist markets. Conversely, controlling for specialist market concentration, specialists charge higher prices when integrated with generalists, with larger effects in more concentrated generalist markets. Our results suggest that multispecialty practice enhances physician market power.Among hospitalized persons under investigation for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), more repeated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) after a negative NAAT were positive from lower than from upper respiratory tract specimens (1.9% vs 1.0%, P = .033). Lower respiratory testing should be prioritized among patients displaying respiratory symptoms with moderate-to-high suspicion for COVID-19 after 1 negative upper respiratory NAAT.
  The risk of progression of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active disease increases with pregnancy. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors associated with LTBI among pregnant women in Uganda.
 
  We enrolled 261 pregnant women, irrespective of gestational age. Participants who had known or suspected active tuberculosis (TB) on the basis of clinical evaluation or who had recently received treatment for TB were excluded. LTBI was defined as an interferon-γ concentration ≥0.35 IU/mL (calculated as either TB1 [eliciting CD4
  T-cell responses] or TB2 [eliciting CD8
  T-cell responses] antigen minus nil) using QuantiFERON TB Gold-Plus (QFT-plus) assay.
 
  LTBI prevalence was 37.9% (n = 99) (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.3-44.0). However, 24 (9.2%) subjects had indeterminate QFT-plus results. Among participants with LTBI, TB1 and TB2 alone were positive in 11 (11.1%) and 18 (18.2%) participants, respectively. In multivariable analysis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.4 [95% confidence interval CI, 1.1-18.0]; 
   = .04) and age 30-39 years (aOR, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.2-12.7]; 
   = .02) were independently associated with LTBI. Meanwhile, smoking status, alcohol use, nature of residence, crowding index, and TB contact were not associated with LTBI.
 
  Our findings are in keeping with the evidence that HIV infection and advancing age are important risk factors for LTBI in pregnancy. In our setting, we recommend routine screening for LTBI and TB preventive therapy among eligible pregnant women.
 Our findings are in keeping with the evidence that HIV infection and advancing age are important risk factors for LTBI in pregnancy. In our setting, we recommend routine screening for LTBI and TB preventive therapy among eligible pregnant women.