n considering their association with depressive symptoms.
  Approximately 12% of all women will be affected by Perinatal Depression (PD), a condition associated with an increased risk for low birth weight, preterm birth, preeclampsia, maternal suicide and infanticide. The identification of biomarkers for PD could be useful for early identification and for the development of new treatments. Purpose of the present manuscript is to review the potential epigenetic biomarkers which were associated with PD.
 
  We performed a bibliographic research on PubMed, in order to find studies that proposed epigenetic biomarkers for PD. A total of 9 studies met our inclusion criteria.
 
  Most available data are concordant in showing that women affected by PD have epigenetic alterations versus Healthy Controls (HC), especially with regard to Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis, oxytocin system, inflammatory response, neuronal differentiation and circadian rhythms. PD might be characterized by specific epigenetic changes; however, the available data are preliminary.
 
  Many articles report results obtained on a limited sample size, in different cell types or tissues. Furthermore, sometimes the studies selected a restricted number of genes. As a result, most available data have not been replicated.
 
  Epigenetic changes of different biological systems could be involved in the etiology of PD. However, until now data are too scanty to draw definitive conclusions. Future studies with larger samples can confirm the results and hypothesis presented in this review.
 Epigenetic changes of different biological systems could be involved in the etiology of PD. However, until now data are too scanty to draw definitive conclusions. Future studies with larger samples can confirm the results and hypothesis presented in this review.
  Reward circuit dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). This study aims to investigate whether nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), two key reward regions for BD, have resting-state dysfunctional connectivity with other brain regions in depressed and euthymic BD.
 
  40 bipolar depressive (DE), 20 euthymic patients (EU) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to undergo resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scanning. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) was calculated between NAcc/vmPFC and the whole brain. Group differences were calculated and their correlations with clinical characteristics were analyzed. Support vector machine was applied to classify BD patients and HC based on the FC between the cluster of group difference and NAcc/vmPFC.
 
  Whole brain networks of FC identified right anterior insular cortex (AIC) as a significant region with bilateral NAcc when compared among three groups. The right AIC-NAcc FC elevated in both patient groups and was highest in the EU group. Interestingly, vmPFC-based networks also identified the right AIC as a significant cluster. The right AIC-vmPFC FC elevated in both patient groups. However, FC between NAcc and vmPFC did not significantly differ BD patients from HC. Furthermore, the strength of FC between bilateral NAcc and the right AIC was positively associated with the illness course of BD. Notably, the NAcc/vmPFC-right AIC classifier acquired an accuracy of 68.75% and AUC-ROC of 78.17%.
 
  Our sample size is modest.
 
  Our findings indicated that elevated NAcc/vmPFC-right AIC connectivity within the reward circuit could be a neuroimaging endophenotype of BD.
 Our findings indicated that elevated NAcc/vmPFC-right AIC connectivity within the reward circuit could be a neuroimaging endophenotype of BD.
  Maternal depression is known to be a serious problem with higher rates among poor and racial/ethnic minority mothers that can have numerous negative impacts on their children. These mothers have less access to effective care and may be wary of traditional mental health care because of the stigma. The purpose of this study was to test whether an adaptation of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy group for perinatal depression could be effective in reducing depressive symptoms of mothers whose children were enrolled in Head Start.
 
  Forty-nine mothers, randomized by site, were recruited into the intervention group, 70 into the control group. They were measured on depressive symptoms, parenting stress, parenting behavior, and parent child interaction at intake, at end of the group, and 6 months following.
 
  The intervention group was lower in depressive symptoms at the end of treatment with a further decrease 6 months post intervention. There was no change in the control group. The intervention group also improved in parenting stress.
 
  The sample size for the intervention group was smaller than desired.
 
  This study supports the effectiveness of this 12 session IPT group which was highly effective for a population of Head Start mothers. It is a strategy that can be adapted to other settings that serve low income mothers.
 This study supports the effectiveness of this 12 session IPT group which was highly effective for a population of Head Start mothers. It is a strategy that can be adapted to other settings that serve low income mothers.
  A certain link between sexual abuse (SA) victimization and suicidal behaviors has been confirmed, but it remains unclear whether this association varies with regard to SA characteristics and gender.
 
  Participants were 4034 college students drawn from a cross-sectional study conducted in Hefei, China. Gender-stratified latent class analysis (LCA) and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between timing, duration, types and patterns of SA victimization and suicidal behaviors.
 
  For the males, SA in the elementary school or earlier period was associated with suicidal ideation (OR 3.29, 95%CI 2.20-5.38), plans (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.54-7.77) and preparations (OR3.05, 95% CI 1.19-7.74). All types of SA were significantly associated with the four types of suicidal behaviors. Dose-response relationship and cumulative effect were found between duration, types of SA victimization and suicidal behaviors.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PP242.html  Three latent classes of SA victimization were identified for males and females, respectively.