ings.
 Women living with HIV and on successful antiretroviral treatment may not have a differential hazard in the development of ECA during follow up after a prior normal Pap. Offering a repeat CCS to women who are 35 years or older irrespective of HIV status is likely an effective strategy in resource limited settings.
  Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic drug which also causes adverse side effects. 
  is a traditional Chinese herb belonging to the Labiatae family and has many biological activities. Our previous study indicated that rosmarinic acid (RA) was the most abundant phytochemical in 
  .  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd-9574.html  However, the antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects of the combined treatment of 
  , RA and CDDP on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 786-O cells have not been clearly demonstrated. We aimed to investigate the bioefficacy of hot water extracts of 
  (HWG) and RA in inhibiting RCC 786-O cell activity and its synergism with CDDP against metastatic renal cancer cell.
 
  Bioactivities of the combination treatment of HWG, RA, HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP were assessed using the MTT assay and transwell migration, and the crude extract/compound efficacy was evaluated using wound healing migration assays, flow cytometry and western blotting.
 
  Our study indicates that CDDP inhibits 786-O cell proliferation and migration and HWG and RA protect against these effects. On the other hand, HWG and RA demonstrate a low cytotoxic effect in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line -2 (HK-2 cells). Cell cycle analysis found that HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP combined treatment exerted cytotoxicity by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. RA in combined with CDDP significantly inhibiting the expression of p-FAK (Tyr 925) in RCC 786-O cells in vitro.
 
  We propose that the inhibition of RA on RCC 786-O cell invasion and migration may partly occur through the downregulation of FAK phosphorylation. The HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP combined treatments may be effective strategies for intervention of RCC 786-O cell activity.
 We propose that the inhibition of RA on RCC 786-O cell invasion and migration may partly occur through the downregulation of FAK phosphorylation. The HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP combined treatments may be effective strategies for intervention of RCC 786-O cell activity.
  Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) play important roles in mineral cycling and plant nutrient acquisition, and they increase plant survival in nutrient-poor environments. In this study, we detected the colonization of EMF using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression method and in situ PCR.
 
  Genetic transformants of 
  and Sordariomycetes sp. expressing GFP were obtained via 
  -mediated transformation. GFP transformants were able to infect 
  , and their fluorescence was visible in the hair roots. Both in situ PCR and the GFP-expressing method indicated that EMF could colonize the hair roots of 
  2weeks after inoculation.
 
  This research represents the first attempt to detect ericoid mycorrhizal colonization using in situ PCR. A GFP-expressing method is an excellent system for detecting the colonization of EMF, but it is dependent on the successful transformation and expression of the 
  gene. In situ PCR and the GFP expression may be developed as new tools to study the interactions of EMF both with ericaceous plants and with the environment.
 This research represents the first attempt to detect ericoid mycorrhizal colonization using in situ PCR. A GFP-expressing method is an excellent system for detecting the colonization of EMF, but it is dependent on the successful transformation and expression of the gfp gene. In situ PCR and the GFP expression may be developed as new tools to study the interactions of EMF both with ericaceous plants and with the environment.
  Both low vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide concerns, and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with MetS; however, related epidemiological evidence based on elderly Chinese individuals, especially those over 80 years of age, is limited. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D and MetS in elderly Chinese individuals.
 
  Serum 25(OH)D was measured in a cross-sectional sample of 2493 elderly people aged 65-112 years from eight areas of China in which the density of centenarians is exceptionally high. MetS was diagnosed according to blood pressure, lipid, and blood sugar levels; waist circumference; and body mass index (BMI). Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between vitamin D and MetS based on different diagnostic criterias.
 
  A total of 890 (35.7%) of the recruited elderly individuals had insufficient levels of vitamin D, and 1029 participants (41.3%) were vitamin D deficient. Higa risk factor for MetS; however, the association was only statistically significant among elderly people with noncentral obesity. Further studies are needed to examine the causal direction of the association.
 Vitamin D deficiency is very common among elderly Chinese individuals. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for MetS; however, the association was only statistically significant among elderly people with noncentral obesity. Further studies are needed to examine the causal direction of the association.
  Antivenoms are the only validated treatment against snakebite envenoming. Numerous drawbacks pertaining to their availability, safety and efficacy are becoming increasingly evident due to low sustainability of current productions. Technological innovation of procedures generating therapeutics of higher purity and better physicochemical characteristics at acceptable cost is necessary. The objective was to develop at laboratory scale a compact, feasible and economically viable platform for preparation of equine F(ab')
  antivenom against 
  venom and to support it with efficiency data, to enable estimation of the process cost-effectiveness.
 
  The principle of simultaneous caprylic acid precipitation and pepsin digestion has been implemented into plasma downstream processing. Balance between incomplete IgG breakdown, F(ab')
  over-digestion and loss of the active drug's protective efficacy was achieved by adjusting pepsin to a 130 substrate ratio (
  /
  ) and setting pH at 3.2. Precipitation and digestion co-performance required 2 h-long incubation at 21 °C.