This study was designed to probe the effect of downhill running on microtubule acetylation and autophagic flux in rat skeletal muscle.
 
  Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an exercise protocol of a 90-min downhill run with a slope of -16° and a speed of 16 m/min, and then the soleus was sampled at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after exercise.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/caerulein.html  Protein expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), p62/sequestosome 1 (p62), α-tubulin and acetylated α-tubulin (AcK40 α-tubulin) were detected by Western blotting. Alpha-tubulin was costained with acetylated α-tubulin (AcK40 α-tubulin) or cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain in a single muscle fiber, and LC3 was costained with lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) in cryosections. To assess autophagic flux in vivo, colchicine or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 3 days before the exercise experiment, and the protein levels of LC3 and p62 were measured by Western blotting.
 
  Downhill running induced a significant increase in the protein levels of LC3-II and p62, while the level and proportion of AcK40 α-tubulin were markedly decreased. Furthermore, the amount of dynein on α-tubulin was decreased after downhill running, and autophagosomes accumulated in the middle of myofibrils. Importantly, LC3-II flux was decreased following downhill running compared with that in the control group.
 
  A bout of downhill running decreases microtubule acetylation, which may impair dynein recruitment and autophagosome transportation, causing blocked autophagic flux.
 A bout of downhill running decreases microtubule acetylation, which may impair dynein recruitment and autophagosome transportation, causing blocked autophagic flux.
  To present age- and sex- specific percentiles for daily wrist-worn movement metrics in U.S. youth and adults. This metric represents a summary of all recorded movement, regardless of the purpose, context, or intensity.
 
  Wrist-worn accelerometer data from the combined 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles and the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) were used for this analysis. Monitor-Independent Movement Summary units (MIMS-units) from raw triaxial accelerometer data were used. We removed the partial first and last assessment days and days with ≥5% non-wear time. Participants with ≥1 valid day were included. Mean MIMS-units were calculated across all valid days. Percentile tables and smoothed curves of daily MIMS-units were calculated for each age and sex using Generalized Additive Models for Location Shape and Scale (GAMLSS).
 
  The analytical sample included 14,705 participants ages ≥3 years. The MIMS-unit activity among youth was similar for both sexes while adult females generally had higher MIMS-unit activity than males. Median daily MIMS-units peaked at age 6 for both sexes (males 20,613; females 20,706). Lowest activity was observed for males and females 80+ years of age; 8,799 and 9,503, respectively.
 
  Population referenced MIMS-unit percentiles for U.S. youth and adults are a novel means of characterizing total activity volume. By using MIMS-units, we provide a standardized reference that can be applied across various wrist-worn accelerometer devices. Further work is needed to link these metrics to activity intensity categories and health outcomes.
 Population referenced MIMS-unit percentiles for U.S. youth and adults are a novel means of characterizing total activity volume. By using MIMS-units, we provide a standardized reference that can be applied across various wrist-worn accelerometer devices. Further work is needed to link these metrics to activity intensity categories and health outcomes.
  Chronic hypotony is not uncommon following deep sclerectomy (DS), but only a minor proportion of patients develop hypotony-associated complications. Numerical hypotony does not affect the visual outcomes. This study identifies factors associated with hypotony.
 
  To investigate the incidence and risk factors of hypotony and hypotony-associated complications after DS.
 
  Retrospective cohort study of 1765 eyes (1385 patients) undergoing DS with or without cataract extraction between 2001 and 2020 in 2 UK centers. Chronic hypotony was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤5 mm Hg in ≥2 consecutive visits lasting >90 days or as any IOP ≤5 mm Hg associated with hypotony-related complications or requiring surgical intervention. Clinical hypotony was defined as the presence of serous or hemorrhagic choroidal detachment, hypotony maculopathy, flat anterior chamber requiring reformation, decompression retinopathy. The incidence of hypotony was calculated with Kaplan-Meier statistics, and Cox regression was used tnt. Hypotony associated-complications can occur in eyes without statistical hypotony.
  Nursing students seeking a PhD often learn only conceptually about principles such as diversity and inclusion, social determinants of health, and interprofessional team science. With only a conceptual understanding of these important elements, future nurse scientists may not fully understand their role as advocates for social justice for vulnerable populations. Students' real-life or hands-on experiences in these areas are often mentor dependent. Simulation in PhD Program is an innovative program to provide these experiences via various modalities, including authentic online activities and in-person experiences.
 Nursing students seeking a PhD often learn only conceptually about principles such as diversity and inclusion, social determinants of health, and interprofessional team science. With only a conceptual understanding of these important elements, future nurse scientists may not fully understand their role as advocates for social justice for vulnerable populations. Students' real-life or hands-on experiences in these areas are often mentor dependent. Simulation in PhD Program is an innovative program to provide these experiences via various modalities, including authentic online activities and in-person experiences.
  In the last few decades, obesity became one of the world's greatest health challenges reaching a size of global epidemic in virtually all socioeconomic statuses and all age groups. Obesity is a risk factor for many health problems and as its prevalence gradually increases is becoming a significant economic and health burden. In this manuscript we describe how normal respiratory and cardiovascular physiology is altered by obesity. We review past and current literature to describe how obesity affects outcomes of patients facing critical illnesses and discuss some controversies related to this topic.
 In the last few decades, obesity became one of the world's greatest health challenges reaching a size of global epidemic in virtually all socioeconomic statuses and all age groups. Obesity is a risk factor for many health problems and as its prevalence gradually increases is becoming a significant economic and health burden. In this manuscript we describe how normal respiratory and cardiovascular physiology is altered by obesity.