A reliable and simple modified QuEChERS method with UPLC-MS/MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of six pesticides (dimethomorph, imidaclothiz, lufenuron, methoxyfenozide, pyridaben, spinetoram) and their metabolites in pak choi. Method validation indicated good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), accuracy (recoveries of 75%-112%), sensitivity (limits of quantification, 0.002-0.01 mg kg-1), and precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 21%), and matrix effects were -36-28%. The half-lives of the six pesticides in pak choi were 2.2-12 d under open field and greenhouse conditions. Considering the short growth cycle of pak choi, the terminal residue levels (0.046-7.8 mg kg-1) and the relevant maximum residue limits (MRLs) of some countries, 5 d was recommended as the pre-harvest interval for the six pesticides on pak choi. Dietary risk assessment revealed that the risk quotients were 3.1%-58% for different gender and age groups in China, indicating none unacceptable public health risk for general population. The results showed that all the six pesticides degraded faster and the terminal residues were much lower under open field conditions than those under greenhouse conditions, which was mainly due to the influence of rainfall, sunlight and other environmental factors. This work was thus significant in assessing the dissipation fate and food safety risks of the six pesticides on pak choi and facilitated the establishment of maximum residue limits.
  Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker for biological aging, and the initial setting of TL at birth is a determinant factor of TL in later life. Newborn TL is sensitive to maternal metals concentrations, while study about the association between maternal manganese (Mn) concentrations and newborn TL was not found. Our study aimed to investigate whether newborn TL is related to maternal Mn concentrations.
 
  Data were collected from a birth cohort study of 762 mother-newborn pairs conducted from November 2013 to March 2015 in Wuhan, China. We measured the Mn concentrations in spot urine samples collected during three trimesters by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and relative cord blood TL by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We applied multiple informant models to investigate the associations between maternal Mn concentrations and cord blood TL.
 
  The geometric mean of creatinine-corrected urinary Mn concentrations were 1.58μg/g creatinine, 2.53μg/g creatinine, and 2.6trimester was positively associated with newborn TL. These results might provide an epidemiology evidence on the protective role of maternal Mn for newborn TL and offer clues for the early prevention of telomere shortening related diseases.
  Physical limitation, which has been linked to outdoor air pollution exposure in previous studies, is a risk factor for disability and even for premature death. Although people often spend more time indoors, the relationship between indoor air pollution and physical function has not been fully explored.
 
  The associations of household fuel types with self-reported and performance-based physical functioning were tested on a total of 12,458 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARL), using generalized linear models and logistic regression models. Additionally, subgroup analyses according to smoking status and number of chronic diseases, were performed regarding these associations.
 
  Our results revealed that after adjusting for potential confounds, solid fuel use in cooking showed -0.08 (-0.13, -0.04) and -0.15 (-0.23, -0.06) declines in self-reported and performance-based physical functioning scores (higher scores means fewer physical limitations), when compared with cleaner groups, respectively. Considering these outcomes as binary variables, the ORs (95% CIs) for abnormal self-reported and performance-based physical functioning in the solid fuel cooking group were 1.226 (1.053-1.427) and 1.194 (1.072-1.330), respectively. No significant association between heating fuel use and physical functioning was observed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nvl-655.html  Additionally, no modification effect of smoking status and the number of chronic diseases on the association between cooking fuel use and performance-based physical functioning was observed (P>0.05).
 
  Our findings suggested that solid cooking fuel use may be associated with self-reported and performance-based physical functioning decline of middle-aged and elder Chinese populations.
 Our findings suggested that solid cooking fuel use may be associated with self-reported and performance-based physical functioning decline of middle-aged and elder Chinese populations.Involuntary care is a feature of mental health services around the world. In addition to involuntary admission and treatment, specific coercive practices include seclusion and physical restraint. Our study aimed to determine the relationships, if any, between these practices and perceived coercion on admission among psychiatry inpatients in Ireland, as well as any relationships between perceived coercion on admission and variables such as age, gender and diagnosis. We included 107 psychiatry inpatients aged 18 years or over who were admitted to the acute psychiatry admission units in Tallaght University Hospital and Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland over a 30-month period between September 2017 and February 2020. Over a quarter (27.1%) of participating patients had involuntary status; nine (8.4%) had experienced at least one episode of seclusion, and ten (9.3%) had experienced at least one episode of restraint. Perceived coercion on admission was significantly associated with involuntary status and female gerceived coercion on admission.Tobacco retail density and smoking prevalence remain elevated in marginalized communities, underscoring the need for strategies to address these place-based disparities. The spatial variation of smokers and tobacco retailers is often measured by aggregating them to area-level units (e.g., census tracts), but spatial statistical methods that use point-level data, such as spatial intensity and K-functions, can better describe their geographic patterns. We applied these methods to a case study in New Castle County, DE to characterize the cross-sectional spatial relationship between tobacco retailers and smokers, finding that current smokers experience greater tobacco retail exposure and clustering relative to former smokers. We discuss how analysis at different geographic scales can provide complementary insights for tobacco control policy.