https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apx2009.html comes of patients chronic LBP.Level of Evidence 3. Cross-sectional study. Alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol withdrawal (AW), both belonging to alcohol use disorders, bring about vast health consequences, social issues, and financial burden in United States. This study aims to explore the relationship of AA and AW with perioperative outcomes following elective spine fusion surgery. Large studies evaluating the outcomes of spine surgery in patients with AA or AW are lacking. We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2006 to 2014 to extract records with a primary procedure of spinal fusion surgery. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the association of AA and AW with in-hospital mortality, perioperative complications, cost and length of stay (LOS). Among 3,132,192 patients undergoing elective spinal fusion surgery, the prevalence of AA and AW was 1.14% (35,833) and 0.15% (4623), respectively. Among the AA admissions, 12.90% of patients developed AW. The incidence of overall complications was 6.14%, 10.15%, and 33.73% in patients wisive management in perioperative period is required to improve outcomes in these patients.Level of Evidence 3. Retrospective, comparative. i) To design an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for elective lumbar spine fusion by posterior approach, ii) To compare the results after ERAS implementation in patients undergoing elective lumbar spine fusion with conventional perioperative care SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA. Despite wide adoption in other surgical disciplines, ERAS has only been recently implemented in spine surgery. The integrated multidisciplinary approach of ERAS aims to reduce surgical stress to achieve better outcomes. Hospital records of adult patients who underwent 1- to 3-level elective lumbar spine fusion by posterior approach at a single centre were retrospectively studied. An ERAS protocol was designed based on the prevalent hospital practices,