https://www.selleckchem.com/products/7-12-dimethylbenz-a-anthracene-dmba.html Conclusions We found that, when adjusted for comorbidities, complexity, and procedure type, there was no difference in outcomes in terms of surgical complications, reoperation, length of stay more than 5 days, and mortality. While these results suggest that our apprenticeship teaching model is safe for developing independent physicians, using new educational modalities such as simulation and resident-directed labs may be useful to attenuate potential.Innominate vein injury is a known potential complication of redo sternotomy but transection of the innominate vein after first time median sternotomy has not been previously described. A 71 year-old female suffered left innominate vein transection upon division of the sternum for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Subsequent massive bleeding required digital compression of the transected vessel ends, open manual cardiac massage, institution of massive transfusion protocol, and pharmacologic support before gaining hemodynamic control by instituting cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Left innominate vein injury can occur with both first time and redo sternotomy.Background Bipolar radiofrequency (RF) clamps have been shown to be capable of reproducibly creating transmural lesions with a single ablation in animal models. Unfortunately, in clinical experience, the bipolar clamps have not been as effective, and often require multiple ablations to create conduction block. This study created a new experimental model using fresh, cardioplegically-arrested human hearts turned down for transplantation to evaluate the performance of a non-irrigated bipolar RF clamp. Methods Nine human hearts turned down for transplantation were harvested and the Cox-Maze IV lesion set was performed with a non-irrigated bipolar RF clamp. In the first seven hearts, a single ablation was performed for each lesion. In the last two hearts, a set of two successive ablations wit