https://www.selleckchem.com/products/msc2530818.html High-throughput sequencing revealed that genus Thiobacillus was predominant (66.3-90.0%) in all seven reactors. However, at the operational taxonomic unit level, microbial communities at 15 °C and 30 °C were significantly different, indicating that dissimilar strains were cultivated. Our findings suggested that deliberately cultivating cold-adapted denitrifiers helps SAD to achieve high TN removal at psychrophilic temperatures and thus, is important for future applications in practical TN pollution control in urbanized streams.The present world faces a new threat of ancient microbes and resistomes that are locked in the cryosphere and now releasing upon thawing due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. The cryosphere act as the best preserving place for these microbes and resistomes that stay alive for millions of years. Current reviews extensively discussed whether the resurrection of microbes and resistomes existing in these pristine environments is true or just a hype. Release of these ancient microorganisms and naked DNA is of great concern for society as these microbes can either cause infections directly or they can interact with contemporary microorganisms and affect their fitness, survival, and mutation rate. Moreover, the contemporary microorganisms may uptake the unlocked naked DNA, which might transform non-pathogenic microorganisms into deadly antibiotic-resistant microbes. Additionally, the resurrection of glacial microorganisms can cause adverse effects on ecosystems downstream. The release of glacial pathogens and naked DNA is real and can lead to fatal outbreaks; therefore, we must prepare ourselves for the possible reemergence of diseases caused by these microbes. This study provides a scientific base for the adoption of actions by international cooperation to develop preventive measures.Honey bees (Apis mellifera) provide key ecosystem services as pollinators bridging agriculture, the f