https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tegatrabetan.html evealed that the ITS sequence (GenBank accession nos. MT472132) was 100% identical to other P. nicotianae strains (GenBank accession nos. KJ754387). To fulfill Koch's postulates, a 50 ml zoospores suspension (106 spores/ml) of B2 was sprayed on the foliage of three 1-year-old healthy seedlings. Sterile distilled water to inoculate control plants. After 10 days, typical symptoms of dark brown spots were observed on all the inoculated leaves, while the control leaves remained asymptomatic. P. nicotianae was re-isolated from the inoculated, symptomatic leaves, thus confirming Koch's hypothesis. The experiment was repeated three times. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. nicotianae causing leaf spot on A. trifoliata in China. P. nicotianae is a common stramenopile pathogen that infects many plant hosts. The presence of this pathogen in an A. trifoliata nursery should be carefully considered to mitigate possible outbreaks of this disease in other fields in this growing region.Damping-off and crown and root rot of sugar beet caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 2-2 (AG 2-2) are important soilborne diseases in Minnesota and North Dakota. Management involves an integrated approach, including crop rotation, use of resistant cultivars, and timely fungicide application. Our objectives were to evaluate the role of inoculum density and cultivar susceptibility on the onset and development of Rhizoctonia diseases and on yield and quality in sugar beet. Three cultivars varying in susceptibility were sown in field plots inoculated with 0, 20, 40, or 60 kg/ha of R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB infested barley during 2013 and 2015. In both years, there was a significant linear effect of inoculum density with decreasing area under the stand establishment curve (AUSEC), root yield, and sucrose quality as inoculum density increased. Cultivar susceptibility significantly affected AUSEC as well as sucrose quali