https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sc75741.html In 2015 bladder cancer was the fourth most frequent malignancy and the eighth cause of death for cancer. At diagnosis, about 30% of bladder cancer (BC) patients present a muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and 5% a metastatic bladder carcinoma (MBC). For fit MBC patients, combination chemotherapy (CC) is the standard of care for first-line treatment. CC includes both the treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) either the classical or the dose-dense MVAC regimen, and the doublet therapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine (CG). Median progression free survival (PFS) was 7 months and median overall survival (OS) was 15 months. The present review provides an update on the management of MBC, with focus on target therapies, immune checkpoint inhibition, looking for prognostic and predictive factors. Previous studies have shown the involvement of microRNA-449b-5p (miR-449b-5p) and MDM4 in tumor development. This study aims to illustrate the role of miR-449b-5p in inhibiting proliferative capacity of endometrial carcinoma (EC) by targeting MDM4. Expression levels of miR-449b-5p and MDM4 in tumor tissues and paracancerous ones of EC patients were determined. Relationships between their levels and clinical parameters of EC patients were analyzed. Subsequently, regulatory effects of miR-449b-5p and MDM4 on proliferative capacities in KLE and HEC-1B cells were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay, respectively. Thereafter, in vivo xenograft models were established in nude mice administrated with KLE cells overexpressing MDM4 or those with miR-449b-5p knockdown. Then, tumor weight and tumor volume were measured after mouse sacrifice. Finally, the interaction between miR-449b-5p and MDM4 was explored by Luciferase assay. It was found that MDM4 was upregulated and miR-449b-5p wegatively regulating MDM4 level, miR-449b-5p inhibits proliferative capacity in EC cells. To