https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alizarin-red-s.html The potential of low-cost bioenergy recovery from peanut shell was limited for its complex cellulose structure. In order to enhance the total reducing sugar (TRS) yield for bio-H2 production, peanut shell with heat (HT, 50-100 °C) or freezing pretreatment (FT, -80 to 0 °C) under different duration (0.5-12 h) was investigated. For uncovering the enhancement mechanisms, morphological feature and crystalline structure were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The optimal pretreatment of 50 °C for 12 h was obtained with TRS yield increased 73.6%, while the H2 yield of 1.25 ml/mg-TRS was peaked with pretreatment at -80 °C. The SEM and XRD further demonstrated that mechanisms of HT and FT were realized through different ways, which were cracking and collapsing in HT, and delamination and peeling in FT, respectively. Pediatric ocular trauma is a major cause of acquired monocular blindness. Post-traumatic visual impairment can lead to significant handicap. In France, recent data on the epidemiology of pediatric ocular trauma are lacking. AIM To describe the characteristics of a pediatric cohort with ocular trauma and to analyse patient outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective observational study of pediatric ocular trauma (age less then 15 years) presenting to pediatric and ophthalmology emergency units of our tertiary university hospital between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2016. Data were collected on age, sex, time and circumstances of trauma, injury type and location, trauma mechanism, other associated injuries, hospitalisation rate and length of stay, treatment, and sequelae (visual impairment). Ocular traumas were classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) system and the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS). RESULTS A total of 337 children were included (247 males). The global mean al impairment is of importance One in ten children w