Finally, it is shown that the carrier lifetime and mobility are limited by a trap density greater than 1018  cm-3 . The results provide insight into the optical excitation and relaxation pathways of SnIP and demonstrate a remarkably high carrier mobility for such a soft and flexible material, suggesting that it could be ideally suited for flexible electronics applications.
  There is a need for non-invasive biomarkers to assess in vivo efficacy of protective measures aiming at reducing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Stratum corneum (SC) biomarkers showed to be promising markers for internal UVR dose and immune response.
 
  To establish a dose-response relationship for SC biomarkers and explore their suitability for in vivo assessment of the blocking effect of two sunscreens with a high sun protection factor (SPF) (50+).
 
  Twelve volunteers were exposed to a broad-spectrum UVB (280-320nm), five times a week, during one week. Unprotected back skin was irradiated with 0.24, 0.48, 0.72 and 1.44 standard erythema dose (SED) and sunscreen-protected skin with 3.6 SED. SC samples for determination of the relative amount of cis-urocanic acid (cUCA) and thirteen immunological makers including cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were collected after each irradiation.
 
  cUCA sharply increased after the first irradiation in a dose-dependent fashion. However, it levelled-off etitive UVR exposure.
  Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the most critical cells responsible for liver fibrosis, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is the most prominent mitogen for HSCs in fibrogenesis. This study aimed to explore the potential of gadolinium (Gd)-labeled cyclic peptides (pPB) targeting PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR-β) as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiotracer to identify the progression of liver fibrosis by imaging hepatic PDGFR-β expression.
 
  Mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl
  ) were used to mimic hepatic fibrosis in vivo. The binding activity of FITC-labeled pPB to PDGFR-β was assessed in cultured human HSCs (HSC-LX2). MRI was performed to visualize hepatic PDGFR-β expression in mice with different degrees of liver fibrosis after Gd-labeled pPB was injected.
 
  Hepatic PDGFR-β expression level was correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis, and the majority of cells expressing PDGFR-β were found to be activated HSCs in fibrotic livers. Culture-activated human HSCs expressed abundant PDGFR-β, and FITC-labeled pPB could bind to these cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. With Gd-labeled pPB as a tracer, an MRI modality demonstrated that the relative hepatic T1-weighted MRI signal value progressively increased with the severity of hepatic fibrosis and reduced with remission.
 
  Hepatic PDGFR-β expression reflects the progression of hepatic fibrosis, and MRI using Gd-labeled pPB as a tracer exhibits potential for distinguishing liver fibrosis staging in mice.
 Hepatic PDGFR-β expression reflects the progression of hepatic fibrosis, and MRI using Gd-labeled pPB as a tracer exhibits potential for distinguishing liver fibrosis staging in mice.
  Breastfeeding practices are determined by complex multilevel factors. This study assessed pregnant women's knowledge of breastfeeding and intention to breastfeed and investigated modifiable predictors for breastfeeding status (exclusive or any breastfeeding) and duration at 6 and 12months postpartum.
 
  Longitudinal data were extracted from a trial in Sydney, Australia, 2017-19. Women (n=1155) were recruited from antenatal clinics and followed up for telephone interviews at baseline (third trimester), then at 6 and 12months postpartum. Data collected included mothers' demographics; knowledge of breastfeeding and intention to breastfeed; work status; support from caregivers; breastfeeding environment; breastfeeding status and duration.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk046.html  Multiple logistic and Cox regression models were built to identify predictors for breastfeeding.
 
  At baseline, most mothers knew the recommendation to exclusively breastfeed until 6months (66%) and the benefits (65%). The modifiable predictors for breastfeeding duration at 12months included the following mothers' knowledge of the recommendation (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.90) and the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (AHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55-0.82), intention to meet the recommendation (AHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.93), and intention to breastfeed for two years (AHR 0.38, 95% CI 0.27-0.52) measured at baseline; mothers not working or studying (AHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.89), having support from other caregivers (AHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.96), and having breastfeeding women around (AHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98) measured at 6months.
 
  Support for women to meet the breastfeeding recommendations should commence during pregnancy and focus on breastfeeding education and enabling environments.
 Support for women to meet the breastfeeding recommendations should commence during pregnancy and focus on breastfeeding education and enabling environments.
  Family screening has been advocated as a means to reduce the major underdiagnosis of coeliac disease. However, the precise risk of the disease in relatives and the impact of patient- and relative-related individual factors remain obscure.
 
  To investigate the individual risk of coeliac disease among patients' relatives.
 
  Altogether 2943 relatives of 624 index patients were assessed for the presence of previous coeliac disease diagnosis, or were screened for the disease. Coeliac disease-associated human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype was determined from all participants. The association between individual factors and new screening positivity was assessed by logistic regression.
 
  There were 229 previously diagnosed non-index relatives with coeliac disease and 2714 non-affected (2067 first-degree, 647 more distant) relatives. Of these 2714 relatives, 129 (4.8%) were screening-positive (first-degree 5.1%, second-degree 3.6%, more distant 3.5%). The combined prevalence of the previously diagnosed and now detmost important predictor for screening positivity. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03136731.