https://www.selleckchem.com/products/l-ornithine-l-aspartate.html he urological safety of e-cigarettes is necessary. PATIENT SUMMARY Our review shows that several carcinogens that have a known link to bladder cancer are present in the urine of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users. Further study on the urological safety of e-cigarettes is necessary. Collin and Lavandier [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 1146-1159 (2013)] proposed a binaural model predicting speech intelligibility against envelope-modulated noises, evaluated in 24 acoustic conditions, involving similar masker types. The aim of the present study was to test the model robustness modeling 80 additional conditions, and evaluate the influence of its parameters using an approach inspired by a variance-based sensitivity analysis. First, the data from four experiments from the literature and one specifically designed for the present study were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the model, investigate potential interactions between its parameters, and define their values leading to the best predictions. A revision of the model allowed to account for binaural sluggishness. Finally, the optimized model was tested on an additional dataset not used to define its parameters. Overall, one hundred conditions split into six experiments were modeled. Correlation between data and predictions ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 across experiments, and mean absolute prediction errors were between 0.5 and 1.4 dB. PURPOSE To describe preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics, imaging findings, and clinical evolution of patients who developed orbital emphysema after vitreoretinal surgery. DESIGN Retrospective, descriptive, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS Patients with orbital emphysema after vitreoretinal surgery who were diagnosed and treated between January 2006 and October 2018 at a single ophthalmology referral center. METHODS Medical records and orbital computed tomography images were reviewed