ing such a simple and inexpensive blood test has the potential to improve compliance and broaden access to screening for at-risk populations.
  Transplantation of lungs from donation after circulatory death (DCD) in addition to donation after brain death (DBD) became routine worldwide to address the global organ shortage. The development of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) for donor lung assessment and repair contributed to the increased use of DCD lungs. We hypothesise that better understanding of the differences between lungs from DBD and DCD donors, and between EVLP and directly transplanted (non-EVLP) lungs, will lead to discovery of the injury specific targets for donor lung repair and reconditioning.
 
  Tissue biopsies from human DBD (n=177) and DCD (n=65) donor lungs assessed with or without EVLP, were collected at the end of cold ischemic time. All samples were processed with microarray assay. Gene expression, network and pathway analyses were performed using R, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and STRING. Results were validated with protein assay, multiple logistic regression and 10-fold cross validation.
 
  Our analyses showed that lungs from DBD donors have up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and pathways. In contrast, DCD lungs display a transcriptome signature of pathways associated with cell death, apoptosis and necrosis. Network centrality revealed specific drug targets to rehabilitate the DBD lungs. Moreover, in DBD lungs, TNFR1/2 signalling pathways and macrophage migration inhibitory factor associated pathways were activated in the EVLP group
  A panel of genes that differentiate the EVLP from non-EVLP group in DBD lungs was identified.
 
  The examination of gene expression profiling indicates that DBD and DCD lungs have distinguishable biological transcriptome signatures.
 The examination of gene expression profiling indicates that DBD and DCD lungs have distinguishable biological transcriptome signatures.SLE is a complex autoimmune disease with genetic, epigenetic, immune-regulatory, environmental and hormonal factors. Kidney inflammation and injury, termed lupus nephritis (LN), occurs in over half of patients with SLE and is a leading cause of disability and death. There is a high degree of short-term and long-term side effects associated with current LN therapies and they are not effective for many patients. Thus, novel therapies with reduced toxicity and improved efficacy are drastically needed. Many of the known LN susceptibility genes have functions that mediate inflammation via cytokine/chemokine production and activation of myeloid and B cells.  https://www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html  Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediated by these variant gene products provides valuable insight for the development of improved and personalised diagnostics and therapeutics. This review describes variants in the TNIP1 (tumour necrosis factor α-induced protein 3-interacting protein 1) gene associated with risks for SLE and LN and potential roles for loss of function of its protein product ABIN1 in the activation of myeloid and B-cell-mediated injury in LN.
  National guidance recommends CT-head for all children <1 year old with suspected physical abuse, and to be considered for those <2 years old to exclude abusive head trauma.
 
  To investigate whether this guidance is followed, and the associations between clinical presentation and CT findings, to determine whether guidance could be refined.
 
  A retrospective case note review of all children <2 years old who underwent medical assessment for suspected abuse (2009-2017). Outcome measures were frequency of CT-head, and diagnostic yield of intracranial injury, skull fracture or both.
 
  CT-head was undertaken in 60.3% (152/252) of children <12 months old and 7.8% (13/167) of those aged 12-24 months. The diagnostic yield in children who had a CT-head was 27.1% in children <6 months old, 14.3% in those 6-12 months old (p=0.07) and 42.6% (6/13) in those 12-24 months old. For those with head swelling or neurological impairment, it was 84.2% (32/38). In children <12 months old without these clinical fe.
  UK national guidelines recommend that investigation of infants (aged <12 months) with suspected physical abuse should always include CT head scans. Such imaging carries small but recognised risks from radiation exposure. Studies report a range of yields for occult intracranial injuries in suspected physical abuse.
 
  To report the yield of intracranial injuries on CT head scans carried out for suspected physical abuse in infants, compare yields for those presenting with or without signs of head injury and to describe selected clinical and radiological features.
 
  A retrospective cross-sectional review of case records of infants undergoing skeletal survey for suspected physical abuse in Wessex, England. The main outcome measure was yield of intracranial injuries on CT head scan.
 
  In total, n=363 CT head scans were included (n=275 aged <6 months). The overall yield of intracranial injury was 37 (10%). Among 68 infants presenting with neurological signs or skull fractures, yield was 36 (53%) compared with just 1 (0.34%) of 295 without neurological signs or skull fractures. This one intracranial injury was found to be consistent with an accidental fall. Scalp injury was the only additional clinical feature associated with intracranial injury.
 
  In suspected physical abuse, CT head scans should be carried out in infants who present with neurological signs, skull fractures or scalp injuries. However, in balancing potential risks and benefits, we question the value of performing a CT head scan in every infant investigated for suspected physical abuse.
 In suspected physical abuse, CT head scans should be carried out in infants who present with neurological signs, skull fractures or scalp injuries. However, in balancing potential risks and benefits, we question the value of performing a CT head scan in every infant investigated for suspected physical abuse.
  This study responds to calls for greater focus on nursing roles, and the need for nursing integration within the antimicrobial optimisation agenda. The objective of this study was to explore Australian hospital nurses' views on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in a hospital setting, in order to better understand the opportunities for and challenges to integration of nursing staff in antimicrobial optimisation within hospital settings.
 
  Qualitative one-on-one, semistructured interviews. Interview transcripts were digitally audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were subject to thematic analysis supported by the framework approach and informed by sociological methods and theory.
 
  Four hospitals (three public and one private), across metropolitan, regional and remote areas, in two Australian states.
 
  86 nurses (77 females, 9 males), from a range of hospital departments, at a range of career stages.
 
  Findings were organised into three thematic domains (1) the current peripheral role of nurses in AMS; (2) the importance of AMS as a collaborative effort, and current tensions around interprofessional roles and (3) how nurses can bolster antimicrobial optimisation within AMS and beyond.