https://www.selleckchem.com/Proteasome.html The intervention for healthcare providers was made up of two 45-min sessions organized around two primary themes knowledge of child cognitive development and effective parent-child communication skills in the context of parental disclosure. The control group received nutritional education of either five 2-h sessions (parents) or two 45-min sessions (healthcare providers). The outcome assessments were conducted at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. Conclusion The iCOPE study is among the first efforts to develop and evaluate a theory-based and multi-level intervention to promote culturally and developmentally appropriate parental HIV disclosure in China. It has implications for healthcare providers, social workers, and policy makers as it will provide efficacy data on how to enhance appropriate parental HIV disclosure and will shed light on developing a clinical guideline regarding parental HIV disclosure in China and other low- and middle-income countries. © The Author(s) 2020.Objectives Atrial fibrillation after surgery is associated with increased rates of heart failure and ischemic stroke, and extension of hospitalization. Bisoprolol is a β-blocker used to reduce heart rate and manage arrhythmias during atrial fibrillation. However, the safety and efficacy of bisoprolol transdermal patch treatment in patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation remain unclear. Methods We retrospectively assessed the electronic health records of our hospital between September 2013 and July 2018 and identified patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation who had been treated with a bisoprolol transdermal patch. We excluded patients with sinus rhythm using bisoprolol transdermal patch to prevent atrial fibrillation recurrence and those with sustained atrial fibrillation before surgery. Data on heart rhythm, heart rate, and blood pressure at the baseline and after 24 h of treatment were obtained from the electronic health rec