https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bpv-hopic.html 89, 15.75, and 18.82%, respectively. The observed rate of subjects without any high-risk value was 66.68%, which was 1.10 times the expected rate (60.74%). The ratios of observed rate to the expected rate at which one, two, three, four, and five high-risk values accumulate in the same person were 0.73 times (24.10 and 32.82%), 1.10 times (6.56 and 5.99%), 4.26 times (1.87 and 0.44%), 47.66 times (0.63 and 0.013%), and 1,140.66 times (0.16 and 0.00014%), respectively. High-risk predictors of HRV and heart rate dynamics tend to cluster in the same person, indicating a high degree of redundancy between them. High-risk predictors of HRV and heart rate dynamics tend to cluster in the same person, indicating a high degree of redundancy between them. Racial disparity in healthcare is defined as differences in healthcare services received by racial groups not due to difference in needs or preferences. As irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is highly correlated with social factors, healthcare disparities are important factors in the sociocultural model of IBS. We used healthcare utilization as a lens to examine potential racial disparities in IBS. We retrospectively matched 3823 IBS minority patients who self-identified as "Hispanic," "Black," or "Asian" to white IBS controls and examined the number of patients with gastroenterology consults, gastroenterology procedures, and IBS-related Primary Care visits within each cohort from 2003 to 2017. Minority IBS patients were less likely to receive a gastroenterology consult than white IBS controls. Both Black and Asian IBS patients were more likely to have an IBS-related Primary Care visit than white IBS controls. All 3 minority IBS cohorts received significantly more gastroenterology procedures compared to white IBS controls. Minority IBS patients are more likely to receive gastroenterology procedures than white IBS patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether increased