Chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia is a common sequela of acute osteomyelitis which may present with a bone defect following sequestrectomy. Treatment of the gap nonunion can be done with the ipsilateral fibula as a strut graft when harvested subperiosteally and this leads to good outcome. A 7-year-old girl presented to our facility with a 25 cm defect of her right tibia following sequestrectomy for chronic osteomyelitis in another facility. X-rays revealed a healthy tibia superiorly and inferiorly with an intact fibula. She subsequently had an ipsilateral subperiosteal nonvascularized fibula harvest which was used to fill the tibia defect as a strut graft.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/deferoxamine-mesylate.html  The synostosis healed perfectly and the fibula reossified, time to union was 17 weeks, and the patient commenced full weight-bearing thereafter. Management of bone gap following sequestrectomy for chronic osteomyelitis remains a challenge to the orthopedic surgeon. The subperiosteal fibular harvest and use as a strut graft is a viable option with good outcomes. Our experience with this case may serve as a way out of this usual challenge.Root canal therapy in teeth with root fenestrations can present with pain on apical palpation or persistent pain. The signs and symptoms of root fenestration in the absence of mucosal fenestration may be misleading, which may be misdiagnosed as non-odontogenic pain. Although CBCT is superior to periapical radiographs for the diagnosis of root fenestration, it failed to detect the intact cortical plate in the middle third in our cases. Therefore, the type was different in CBCT from its actual size surgically. Repeated non-surgical root canal treatment would not alleviate pain in the presence of root fenestration and may lead to apical root fracture. Root-resection relieves pain, unless the fenestration is accompanied by fracture. The aim of these two case reports was to describe the diagnosis and treatment of endodontically treated teeth with a persistent pain. Also, the difference of root fenestration type between CBCT and its actual size was described.
  This investigation aimed to compare the accuracy of Bolton's analysis on plaster models of various malocclusion groups by utilizing digital calipers and iTero scanner.
 
  The data consisted maxillary and mandibular plaster study casts of 61 patients (Class I-20, Class II-20, Class III-21) there were 31 males and 30 females. iTero®element scanner was utilized to scan the models and Bolton's analysis was performed on digital models. Also, the Digital caliper was utilized to perform the Manual measurements. Mesiodistal tooth widths, Anterior and Overall Bolton ratio was measured utilizing OrthoCAD™ software on digital models and plaster models with digital calipers. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing One-way ANOVA and independent T-test.
 
  Results revealed anterior and overall Bolton ratios showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for the measurements performed utilizing digital models. Anterior ratio for (Group 1) iTero measurements depicted the statistical significant value (P < 0.03) and ovent for an orthodontist, and can be utilized for extra-oral scanning of orthodontic dental models as the measurements obtained on digital models was as accurate as the conventional method.
  Inguinal hernia is a common pathology seen by the general surgeon in the outpatient clinic. Its spectrum of clinical features on presentation significantly varies from the asymptomatic to the complicated.
 
  To identify and audit the common clinical presentation and presence of known risk factors for inguinal hernia among adult patients with inguinal hernias presenting to an outpatient clinic.
 
  The study involved adults presenting over 1 year at a surgical clinic with a clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernia. Data on age, sex, family history, abdominal pain, constipation, chronic cough, previous hernia surgery as well as features of bladder outlet obstruction and intra-abdominal mass were recorded into a format. Analysis into a simple percentage, mean, and standard deviation was done with SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).
 
  Sixty-five patients were enrolled in the study, comprising 49 males (75.4%) and 16 females (24.6%), MF = 31. The mean age was 45.6 years (SD ± 16.9). The 16-40-year age group had the highest incidence of 29 cases (44.6%) of inguinal hernia. A family history of inguinal hernia (31 cases [47.7%]) and history of previous inguinal hernia surgery (15 cases [23.1%])) was observed. Ten patients with previous surgery presented with a contralateral hernia and 5 with a recurrence. Other factors were chronic constipation 10 cases, smoking 9 cases, chronic cough 8 cases, dysuria 7 cases, enlarged prostate 6 cases, abdominal mass 4 cases, and urethral stricture 1 case.
 
  Inguinal hernia is common among young and middle-aged adults in our series. Many patients have features suggestive of complications at presentation. Family history and past inguinal hernia surgery were important risk factors.
 Inguinal hernia is common among young and middle-aged adults in our series. Many patients have features suggestive of complications at presentation. Family history and past inguinal hernia surgery were important risk factors.
  Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) is a scientific evaluation measure used to assess trunk control in subjects with cerebral palsy (CP).
 
  The present study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of SATCo in children with spastic quadriplegic CP.
 
  This was an observational study in which we validated a test instrument in 31 children (aged 1-5 years) with spastic quadriplegic CP. Children were assessed for trunk control by principal rater (R1) using SATCo. Each assessment was video recorded, scored retrospectively, and independently by principal rater (R2) and secondary rater (R3) for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, respectively. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing the SATCo scores with sitting component scores of Gross Motor Functional Measure -88.
 
  Intra-class correlation coefficient values for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for various components of the scale ranged from 0.82 to 0.98. The concurrent validity was calculated for various components of the scale using the Pearson correlation coefficient and they ranged from 0.