ough not completely, to socioeconomic factors. Hispanics and Asians are less likely to start on HHD than whites. This was materially unaffected by socioeconomic factors. More research is needed to determine whether urgent-start PD programs and transitional care units in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas might reduce these disparities and increase home dialysis use among all groups.A patient with renal glucosuria due to a congenital knock-out of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) protein because of a compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC5A2 gene may provide a natural model mimicking the effects of long-term SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy, which has been shown to exert kidney-protective effects beyond its antidiabetic properties. One possible mechanism for the protective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy might be the activation of tubuloglomerular feedback by increased outflow of sodium, chloride, and glucose to distal parts of the nephron, including the macula densa. Subsequently, afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction is induced and blood flow, intraglomerular filtration pressure, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) all decline. However, prolonged tubuloglomerular feedback activation could change the sensitivity of tubuloglomerular feedback and hence decrease the beneficial effects of SGLT-2 inhibition on kidney function. Tubuloglomerular feedback is mediated by the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter. Hence furosemide, which blocks this cotransporter, is a medical option to test tubuloglomerular feedback because GFR should increase after administration of this loop diuretic. In our patient with long-term activated tubuloglomerular feedback due to SGLT-2 mutations, we show that the sensitivity of tubuloglomerular feedback is maintained, demonstrated by an increase in GFR measured using iohexol clearance following furosemide administration. This observation supports the idea that long-term SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy is kidney protective through a functional tubuloglomerular feedback.
  A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) is used to diagnose peripheral artery disease (PAD) but may be normal or elevated in patients with medial arterial calcification and stiff vessels, as is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/propionyl-l-carnitine-hydrochloride.html  The toe-brachial index (TBI) has been recommended because it is not influenced by medial arterial calcification, but alone the TBI does not capture risk associated with medial arterial calcification. We hypothesized that the difference between ABI and TBI (ABI-TBI) would capture both PAD and medial arterial calcification and thus better identify mortalityrisk from PAD, particularly in those with CKD.
 
  Prospective cohort study.
 
  471 patients with clinical suspicion for PAD referred for vascular testing.
 
  ABI, TBI, and ABI-TBI.
 
  All-cause mortality.
 
  Cox proportional hazards models evaluating the association of ABI-TBI with mortality over 7 years.
 
  Mean age was 68 years, 89% were men, 35% had diabetes, 64% had CKD, and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 55mL/min/1.73m
  his association, and further studies evaluating ABI - TBI in larger populations are required.
  Observational studies have suggested that periodontal disease may be a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Kidney and Periodontal Disease (KAPD) Study was designed to determine the feasibility of conducting a periodontal disease treatment trial among a high-risk (mostly poor and racial/ethnic minority) population and estimate the magnitude and variability of kidney and inflammatory biomarker levels in response to intensive periodontal treatment.
 
  Single-center, unmasked, intention-to-treat, randomized, controlled, pilot trial with 21 allocation to the treatment and comparison groups.
 
  English- and Spanish-speaking individuals aged 20 to 75 years receiving primary care within the San Francisco Community Health Network with evidence of both moderate to severe periodontal disease and CKD.
 
  Immediate intensive nonsurgical periodontal treatment versus rescue treatment for progressive disease at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 months.
 
  Feasibility and process outcomes. Levels of biomarkers important lessons learned can be applied to future studies.
 
  National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (Bethesda, MD; grant number 1K23DK093710-01A1) and Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ. Funders had no role in study design; collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; writing the report; or the decision to submit the report for publication.
 
  NCT01802216.
 NCT01802216.
  Euvolemic hyponatremia often occurs due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Vasopressin 2 receptor antagonists may be used to treat SIADH. Several of the major trials used 15mg of tolvaptan as the lowest effective dose in euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. However, a recent observational study suggested an elevated risk for serum sodium level overcorrection with 15mg of tolvaptan in patients with SIADH.
 
  A retrospective chart review study comparing outcomes in patients with SIADH treated with 15 versus 7.5mg of tolvaptan.
 
  Patients with SIADH who were treated with a very low dose of tolvaptan (7.5mg) at a single center compared with patients using a 15-mg dose from patient-level data from the observational study described previously.
 
  Tolvaptan dose of 7.5 versus 15mg daily.
 
  Appropriate response to tolvaptan, defined as an initial increase in serum sodium level > 3 mEq/L, and overcorrection of serum sodium level (>8 mEq/L per day, and >10 mEq/L per daefficacy and less risk for overcorrection in patients with SIADH versus 15 mg of tolvaptan.
  Among patients treated with in-center hemodialysis (HD), missed treatments are associated with higher subsequent rates of hospitalization and other adverse outcomes compared with attending treatment. The objective of this study was to determine whether and to what degree attending a rescheduled treatment on the day following a missed treatment ameliorates these risks.
 
  Retrospective, observational.
 
  Included patients were those who were, as of any of 12 index dates during 2014, adult Medicare beneficiaries treated with in-center HD (vintage≥90 days) on a Monday/Wednesday/Friday schedule.
 
  Treatment attendance on the index date and the subsequent day.
 
  Hospital admissions, emergency department visits, mortality, blood pressure, and anemia measures, considered during the 7- and 30-day periods following exposure.
 
  In parallel analyses, patients who missed or rescheduled treatment were each matched (15) to patients who attended treatment on the index date on the basis of index day of week and propensity score.