https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vps34-in1.html To the best of our knowledge, this is the first laser to generate frequency-doubled on-demand higher-order modes inside the cavity at the visible (green) wavelength of 532 nm.A monolithically integrated dual-channel optical frequency comb source is demonstrated in this paper. Three lasers are integrated on a single chip using a regrowth-free fabrication process in a master-slave-slave configuration. The master laser's power is split equally using a 1x2 multimode interference coupler and injection locks the two slave lasers. The slave lasers are gain-switched to produce dual optical frequency combs at 4.1 GHz and 5 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a dual optical frequency comb source with all light sources monolithically integrated in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC).We report the first passive Q-switching operation at 1.95 µm utilizing the disordered TmCaLu0.1Gd0.9AlO4 (TmCLGA) crystal and the hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanosheets as the saturable absorber. The nonlinear saturable absorption properties of the hematite nanosheets were investigated by the conventional Z-scan technology. The modulation depth of 14.3% with the low saturation intensity of 205 kW/cm2 was obtained, indicating that the hematite could be a suitable saturable absorber for the mid-infrared pulse generation. Using the disordered TmCLGA crystal as the gain medium, the passive Q-switching operation could be realized with the hematite nanosheets as the saturable absorber, producing the shortest pulse duration of 402 ns with a repetition rate of 76 kHz. The experimental results convinced us that the hematite nanosheets could be of great interest in the optical pulse generation in the mid-infrared region.Edge-mode graphene plasmons (EGPs) supported by graphene nanoribbons are highly confined, and they can show versatile tunability under electrostatic bias. In order to efficiently enhance and actively control the near